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Unique evolution characteristics of the envelope protein of EIAVLN40, a virulent strain of equine infectious anemia virus

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Abstract

The Chinese equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) virulent strain EIAVLN40 is derived from a naturally occurring virus by continuously passing in horses for 16 generations. Its genome sequence is 23% different from that of the American strains or the Japanese strains, and the variation of envelope gp90 surface unit (SU) is as high as 41%. In this study, evolutions of the EIAVLN40 gp90 gene in four infected horses were analyzed. Results showed that new quasispecies arose in the early stage of infection in all EIAVLN40-infected horses. These quasispecies belonged to branches different from EIAVLN40 in a phylogenetic tree. In contrast, the gp90 sequences of viruses isolated after disease onset remained in the same phylogenetic branch as EIAVLN40, with some having exactly the same sequences. The glycosylation sites 191NSSN and 237NNTW in the V3 and V4 region present or absent simultaneously in most of the predicted amino acid sequences. Changes in the glycosylation sites within V3, V4, and V5 regions are usually associated with the disease status. Glycosylation sites (191NSSN, 237NNTW, and 280NDTS) within these three regions were present in EIAVLN40 and most of the quasispecies isolated after, but not before disease onset. These unique evolutionary characteristics of SU have not been reported for EIAV and other lentiviruses. Our results provide a reference for a further understanding of the mechanism underlying the persistent infection and escape from immune surveillance of EIAV.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771994 to JZ and 30901349 to YL) and National Key Programs for Infectious Diseases (2008ZX1001-1010 to JZ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Large Animal Infectious Diseases, Stated key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China

    Xuefeng Wang, Shuai Wang, Yuezhi Lin, Chenggang Jiang, Jian Ma, Liping Zhao, Xiaoling Lv, Rongxian Shen & Jianhua Zhou

  2. Animal Science and Animal Medicine School, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, China

    Xuefeng Wang & Fenglong Wang

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  1. Xuefeng Wang
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Correspondence to Jianhua Zhou.

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11262_2010_563_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Fig. S1. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of SU from EIAVLN40 stock and circulating virions of EIAVLN40-infected horses (25#, 26#, 4#, and 10#). The italic, red numbers on the left indicate the consensus SU sequence of each sample. Identifications of each sequence are listed on the left. Dots indicate residues identical to the consensus sequence of EIAVLN40, and dashes indicate amino acid deletions. Underlined residues indicate potential N-glycosylation sites (NXS/T). Based on the amino acid sequence alignment of the SU sequences, eight SU variable regions (V1 to V8, indicated by boxed residues) were defined as stretches of amino acids with at least 30% divergence from the consensus sequence of the all sequences. Only the same mutations present in at least two of the analyzed clones were considered to delineate the variable regions. (DOC 354 kb)

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Wang, X., Wang, S., Lin, Y. et al. Unique evolution characteristics of the envelope protein of EIAVLN40, a virulent strain of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Genes 42, 220–228 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-010-0563-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-010-0563-7

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