Abstract
After first outlining in qualitative terms progress made in predicting and modelling solids in general, a brief account is given of the substantial progress made in enumerating hypothetical open structures based on 4-coordinantion, some of which will possibly play a role in the catalytic conversion of carbohydrates that figure eminently in renewable feedstocks. Specifically, in outlining trends in processing renewable organic species, attention is paid to (i) converting starch into potentially important new fuels; (ii) the catalytic dehydration of bio-ethanol to yield ethylene; and (iii) catalytically assisted modifications that can be made to bio-glycerol, especially via oxidation. Finally, progress made in a general strategy for the design of new catalysts is outlined, and a tabulation given of a dozen or so examples that have high commercial significance.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
It has been proposed by Horváth et al. [30] that γ-valerolactone, in view of its general chemical and physical properties, could function in future as a sustainable liquid for the production of energy and carbon-based chemicals. It is not clear, however, how easy it is going to be to produce large quantities of this material for the clean technology that one desires.
References
Whitesides GM, Crabtree GW (2007) Science 315:796
Thomas JM, Raja R (2006) Top Catal 40:3
Thomas JM (2008) J Chem Phys 120:182502
Thomas JM, Raja R, Lewis DW (2005) Angew Chem Int Edit 44:6456
Schloegl R (1994) Angew Chem Int Ed 33:311
Thomas JM, Zamaraev KI (1994) Angew Chem Int Edit 33:308
Notari B (1994) Adv Catalysis 41:253
Ballantine JA, Purnell JH, Thomas JM (1984) Molec Catal 27:157
Ballantine JA, Purnell JH, Thomas JM (1985) US Patent 4, 999, 319
Thomas JM, Zamaraev KI (1992) Perspectives in Catalysis. Blackwell-IUPAC, North Carolina
Woodley SM, Catlow R (2008) Nature Materials 7:937
Catlow CRA, Thomas JM, Parker SC, Jefferson DA (1982) Nature 295:658
Parker SC (1983) Solid State Ionics 8:179
Catlow CRA, Thomas JM, Freeman CM, Wright PA, Bell RG (1993) Proc R Soc Lond A 442:85
Thomas JM (1999) Angew Chem Int Edit 38:3588
Thomas JM, Klinowski J (2007) Angew Chem Int Edit 46:7160
Majda D, Paz FAA, Friedrichs D, Foster MD, Simperler A, Bell RG, Klinowski J (2008) J Phys Chem C 112:1040
Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt JCD, Vecchi MP (1983) Science 220:671
Harris KDM, Habershorn S, Cheung EY, Johnson RL (2004) Z Krystallogra 219:838
Treacy MMJ, Randall KH, Rao S, Perry JA, Chadi DJ (1997) Z Krystallogr 212:768
Foster MD, Simperler A, Bell RG, Delgado Friedrichs O, Almeida Paz FA, Klinowski J (2004) Nature Materials 3:234
Hofmann DWM, Apostolakis J (2003) J Molec Struc 647:17
Price SL (2008) Phys Chem Chem Phys 10:1996
Jansen M (2008) Turning Points in Solid-State, Materials Science and Surface Chemistry. RSC Publising, Cambridge, p 22
Čančarević ŽP, Schön JC, Jansen M (2008) Chem Asian J 3:561
Smith K, Zhenhua Z, Hodgson PKG (1998) J Mol Catal A: Chemical 134:121
Smith K, Almeer S, Black SJ (2000) Chem Commun 17:1571
Thomas JM, Hernandez-Garrido JC, Raja R, Bell RG (2009) Phys Chem Chem Phys (in press)
Arnold FH (1998) Acc Chem Res 31:125
Horváth IT, Mehdi H, Fábos V, Boda L, Mika LT (2008) Green Chem 10:238
Román-Leshkov Y, Barrett CJ, Liu ZY, Dumesic JA (2007) Nature 447:982
Thomas JM, Raja R, Johnson BFG, O’Connell TJ, Sankar G, Khimyak T (2003) Chem Commun 10:1126
Editor’s Choice (2003) Science 300:867
Svelle S, Olsbye U, Joensen F, Bjørgen M (2007) J Phys Chem C 111:17981
Xu Y, Grey CP, Thomas JM, Cheetham AK (1990) Cat Lett 4:251
Raja R, Potter ME, Paterson AJ, Lefenfeld M, Thomas JM (2009) (submitted)
Zhou C-H, Beltramini JN, Fana Y-X, Lu GQ (2008) Chem Soc Rev 37:527
Glycerol (2001) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York
Wang ZZJ, Zhuge J, Fang H, Prior BA (2001) Biotechnol Adv 19:201
Chowdury J, Fouky K (1993) Chem Eng 100:35
Karaosmanoglu F, Cigizoglu KB, Tuter M, Ertekin S (1996) Energy Fuels 10:890
Meher LC, Vidya Sagar D, Naik SN (2006) Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 10:248
McCoy M (2006) Chem Eng News 84:7
Wilson EK (2002) Chem Eng News 80:46
Bagley ST, Gratz LD, Johnson JH, McDonald JF (1998) Environ Sci Technol 32:1183
Frondel M, Peters J (2007) Energy Policy 35:1675
Gong CS, Du JX, Cao NJ, Tsao GT (2000) Appl Biochem Biotechnol 84:543
Rogers PL, Jeon YJ, Svenson CJ (2005) Process Saf Environ Prot 83:499
Wyman CE (2003) Biotechnol Prog 19:254
Landucci R, Goodman BJ, Wyman CE (1994) Appl Biochem Biotechnol 45–46:677
Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Carone M, Colonna T, Fragale C (2005) Environ Chem Lett 3:136
Chiu CW, Goff MJ, Suppes GJ (2005) AIChE J 51:1274
Bournay L, Casanave D, Delfort B, Hillion G, Chodorge JA (2005) Catal Today 106:190
Christensen CH, Raas-Hansen J, Marsden CC, Taarning E, Egeblad K (2008) ChemSusChem 1:283
Prati L, Spontoni P, Gaiassi A (2009) Top Catal (in press)
Thomas JM, Raja R (2006) Catal Today 117:22
Raja R, Thomas JM, Xu M, Harris KDM, Greenhill-Hooper M, Quill K (2006) Chem Commun 4:448
Dugal M, Sankar G, Raja R, Thomas JM (2000) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 39:2310–2313
Raja R, Sankar G, Thomas JM (2000) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 39:2313–2316
Raja R, Thomas JM, Chem Soc Chem J (1998) Commun 17:1841–1842
Thomas JM, Raja R, Sankar G, Bell RG (1999) Nature 398:227–230
Raja R (2007) In: Harris KDM and Edwards P (eds) Turning points in solid-state, materials and surface science, RSC Publishing, London, pp 623–638
Raja R, Thomas JM, Dreyer V (2006) Catal Lett 110:179–183
Thomas JM, Raja R (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:13732–13736
Raja R, Thomas JM, Greenhill-Hooper M, Ley SV, Paz FAA (2008) Chem Eur J14:2340–2348
Raja R, Thomas JM, Greenhill-Hooper M & Doukova V (2007) Chem Commun, 1924–1926
Raja R, Thomas JM, Xu M, Harris KDM, Greenhill-Hooper M & Quill (2006) Chem Commun, 448–450
Raja R, Thomas JM, Jones MD, Johnson BFG, Vaughan DEW (2003) J Am Chem Soc 125:14982–14983
Jones MD, Raja R, Thomas JM, Rouzard J, Johnson BFG, Harris KDM (2003) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 42:4326–4331
Thomas JM, Raja R (2008) Acc Chem Res 41:708–720
Adams RD, Blom DA, Captain B, Raja R, Thomas JM, Trufan E (2008) Langmuir 24:9223–9226
Hungria AB, Raja R, Adams RD, Captain B, Thomas JM, Midgley PA, Golovko VB, Johnson BFG (2006) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 45:4782–4785
Chen J, Thomas JM (1994) Chem Commun 603
Thomas JM, Hernandez-Garrido JC, Raja R, Bell RG (2009) Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:2799–2825
Raja R, Adams RD, Blom DA, Pearl WC, Gianotti E, Thomas JM (2009) Langmuir 25 (in press)
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr R. Raja for his help in compiling Table 1. J.C. H.G. thanks the European Union for financial support under the Framework 6 program for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Ref.:026019 ESTEEM).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thomas, J.M., Hernandez-Garrido, J.C. & Bell, R.G. A General Strategy for the Design of New Solid Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Conversions. Top Catal 52, 1630–1639 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-009-9302-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-009-9302-5