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Diversity, phytochemical and medicinal potential of the genus Ocimum L. (Lamiaceae)

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Abstract

Ocimum, commonly known as Tulsi, is a huge genus within family Lamiaceae, comprising about 64 species of annual to perennial aromatic medicinal herbs with a long history of traditional uses. The aromatic plants of the genus Ocimum have long been used as flavouring agents, as well as diverse medicinal applications. Our comprehensive review covers the published literature through the period from 1961 to April 2019 and provides a complete survey of nearly all the studied species up to date. Additionally, all related taxonomic data, geographical distribution as well as different traditional uses are discussed here in details. The major chemical classes within the genus Ocimum include flavonoids, phenolic acids and terpenes. The bioactivities of various extracts or individual compounds, both in vitro and in vivo, include antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic and antioxidant. This comprehensive review will serve as a database for future research and drug development from the genus Ocimum.

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Abbreviations

AAPH:

2,2′-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride

APCI-MS:

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

BW:

Body weight

13C-NMR:

Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance

CC:

Column chromatography

CC50 :

Half cytotoxic concentration

DMBA:

7,12-Dimethylbenzo anthracene

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate

DW:

Dry weight

ED50 :

Half effective dose

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FW:

Fresh weight

Gal:

Galactose

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Glc:

Glucose

GlcA:

Glucouronic acid

1H:

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPTLC:

High performance thin layer chromatography

IC50 :

50% Inhibitory concentration

IC90 :

90% Inhibitory concentration

LC50 :

50% Lethal concentration

ICAP-AES:

Inductively coupled argon plasma atomic spectroscopy

Ip.:

Intraperitoneal

LD50 :

50% Lethal dose

LDL:

Low density lipoproteins

LIBS:

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

LMI%:

Percentage leucocyte migration inhibition

Me:

Methyl

MES:

Maximal electric shock

MI:

Maximal inhibition

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

µM:

Micromolar

NF-KB:

Nuclear factor Kappa B

OMe:

Methoxy

OSCC:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

Pg:

Pico gram

PGE2:

Prostaglandin E2

PhAs:

Phenolic acids

RAP:

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA

Rha:

Rhamnose

SAR:

Structure activity relationship

UPLC–ESI–MS/MS:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

VLDL:

Very low density lipoproteins

ZOI:

Zone of inhibition

Xyl:

Xylose

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank both Minia and Deraya Universities, Minia, Egypt, for all facilities, support and encouragement offered to us during this work.

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  1. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City, 61111, Minia, Egypt

    Eman Maher Zahran, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen & Mohamed Salah Kamel

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia

    Hany Ezzat Khalil

  3. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 615199, Egypt

    Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen, Samar Yehia Desoukey, Mostafa Ahmed Fouad & Mohamed Salah Kamel

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  1. Eman Maher Zahran
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Zahran, E.M., Abdelmohsen, U.R., Khalil, H.E. et al. Diversity, phytochemical and medicinal potential of the genus Ocimum L. (Lamiaceae). Phytochem Rev 19, 907–953 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09690-9

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