Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Planning and assessing the effectiveness of traditional silvicultural treatments for mitigating wildfire hazard in pine woodlands of Greece

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Hazards Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the current paper, an attempt is being made to present and assess the effectiveness of traditional silvicultural treatments in mitigating wildfire initiation and spread, in a typical Mediterranean forest which is located in Vartholomio, southern Greece. The proposed silvicultural interventions combine thinning and pruning, in various levels of intensity at strategic points creating shaded fuelbreaks, in order to successfully support wildfire suppression actions. NEXUS software was applied in an effort to assess the effectiveness of the proposed silvicultural treatments. The results clearly showed that conventional silvicultural treatments may drastically reduce critical characteristics of a potential wildfire. The number of historic ignitions and the flammability of the forest species reveal the vulnerability of the specific forest against wildfire occurrences. On the contrary, its protective role against desertification is of paramount importance; thus, the minimization of wildfire threat constitutes a priority action.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agee JK, Lolley MR (2006) Thinning and prescribed fire effects on fuels and potential fire behavior in an eastern Cascades forest, Washington, USA. Fire Ecol 2:142–158. doi:10.4996/fireecology.0202003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agee JK, Skinner CN (2005) Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments. For Ecol Manage 211:83–96. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agee JK, Bahro B, Finney MA, Omi PN, Sapsis DB, Skinner CN, van Wagtendonk JW, Weatherspoon CP (2000) The use of shaded fuelbreaks in landscape fire management. For Ecol Manage 127:55–66. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00116-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albini FA (1976) Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. General technical report INT-30, USDA forest service, intermountain forest and range experiment station, Ogden, p 92

  • Alexander ME (1988) Help with making crown fire hazard assessments. In: Fischer WC, Arno SF (compilers) Protecting people and homes from wildfire in the Interior West. General technical report INT-251, USDA Forest Service, pp 147–156

  • Andrews PL (2012) Modeling wind adjustment factor and midflame wind speed for Rothermel’s surface fire spread model. General technical report RMRS-GTR-266, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, p 39

  • Badia A, Saur D, Cerdan R, Llurdes JC (2002) Causality and management of forest fires in Mediterranean environments: an example from Catalonia. Environ Hazards 4:23–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boschetti L, Roy D, Barbosa P, Boca R, Justice C (2008) A MODIS assessment of the summer 2007 extent burned in Greece. Int J Remote Sens 29:2433–2436. doi:10.1080/01431160701874561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrakopoulos AP (2002) Mediterranean fuel models and potential fire behavior in Greece. Int J Wildland Fire 11:127–130. doi:10.1071/WF02018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrakopoulos AP, Panov P (1998) Chemical and physical fuel parameters of Mediterranean vegetation. In: Proceedings, III international conference on forest fire research and 14th conference on fire and forest meteorology, Luso, vol II, pp 2579–2586

  • Duguy B, Alloza JA, Röder A, Vallejo R, Pastor F (2007) Modelling the effects of landscape fuel treatments on fire growth and behaviour in a Mediterranean landscape (eastern Spain). Int J Wildland Fire 16:619–632. doi:10.1071/WF06101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes PM, Loureiro C, Botelho HS (2004) Fire behaviour and severity in a maritime pine stand under differing fuel conditions. Ann For Sci 61:537–544. doi:10.1051/forest:2004048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finney MA (2004) FARSITE: fire area simulator—model development and evaluation. Research paper RMRS-RP-4, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, p 47

  • Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group (1992) Development and structure of the Canadian forest fire behavior prediction system. Inf Rep ST-X-3

  • Fulé PZ, McHugh C, Heinlein TA, Covington WW (2001) Potential fire behavior is reduced following forest restoration treatments. In: Vance RK, Edminster CB, Covington WW, Blake TA (eds) Ponderosa pine ecosystems restoration and conservation: steps toward stewardship. Proceedings RMRS-22, USDA Forest Service, Ogden, pp 22–28

  • Graham RT, Harvey AE, Jain TB, Tonn JR (1999) The effects of thinning and similar stand treatments on fire behavior in western forests. General technical report PNW-GTR-463, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, p 27

  • Graham RT, McCaffrey SJ, Theresa B (tech. eds) (2004) Science basis for changing forest structure to modify wildfire behavior and severity. General technical report RMRS-GTR-120, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, p 43

  • Green LR (1977) Fuelbreaks and other fuel modification for wildland fire control. USDA Agr., Hdbk, p 499

  • Hall SA, Burke IC (2006) Considerations for characterizing fuels as inputs for fire behavior models. For Ecol Manage 227:102–114. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington MG, Noonan-Wright E, Doherty M (2006) Testing the modeled effectiveness of an operational fuel reduction treatment in a small western Montana interface landscape using two spatial scales. In: Andrews PL, Butler BW (eds) Fuels management—how to measure success: conference proceedings, 28–30 March 2006, Portland. Proceedings RMRSP 41, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, pp 301–314

  • Huggett RJ, Abt KL, Shepperd W (2008) Efficacy of mechanical fuel treatments for reducing wildfire hazard. For Policy Econ 10:408–414. doi:10.1016/J.FORPOL.2008.03.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalabokidis KD, Omi PN (1992) Quadrat analysis of wildland fuel spatial variability. Int J Wildland Fire 2(4):145–152. doi:10.1071/WF9920145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalabokidis KD, Omi PN (1998) Reduction of fire hazard through thinning/residue disposal in the urban interface. Int J Wildland Fire 8(1):29–35. doi:10.1071/WF9980029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Küçük Ö, Bilgili E, Sağlam B (2008) Estimating crown fuel loading for calabrian pine and Anatolian black pine. Int J Wildland Fire 17:1–8. doi:10.1071/WF06092

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leblon B (2005) Monitoring forest fire danger with remote sensing. Nat Hazards 35:343–359. doi:10.1007/s11069-004-1796-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liodakis S, Kakardakis T (2006) Measuring the particle flammability of forest species from Wildland/Urban interface (WUI) near Athens by thermal analysis. In: The first international symposium on environment identities and Mediterranean, AreaCorte-Ajaccio, July 10–13, 2006

  • Loureiro C, Fernandes P, Botelho H (2006) A simulation-based test of a landscape fuel management project in the Maraõ range of northern Portugal. For Ecol Manag 234S:S245. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinson EJ, Omi PN (2006) Assessing mitigation of wildfire severity by fuel treatments—an example from the coastal plain of Mississippi. In: Andrews PL, Butler BW (eds) Fuels management—how to measure success: conference proceedings, 28–30 March 2006, Portland. Proceedings RMRSP 41, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins pp 429–439

  • Mason GJ, Baker TT, Cram DS, Boren JC, Fernald AG, VanLeeuwen DM (2007) Mechanical fuel treatment effects on fuel loads and indices of crown fire potential in a south central New Mexico dry mixed conifer forest. For Ecol Manage 251:195–204. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2007.06.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGaughey ΡJ (2004) Stand visualization system, Version 3.3. USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Research Station, p 141

  • Mitsopoulos ID, Dimitrakopoulos AP (2007) Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece. Int J Wildland Fire 16:642–647. doi:10.1071/WF06038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molina JR, Rodriguez y Silva F, Herrera MA (2011) Potential crown fire behaviour in Pinus pinea stands following different fuel treatments. For Syst 20:266–277. doi:10.5424/fs/2011202-10923

    Google Scholar 

  • Ne’eman G, Goubitz S, Nathan R (2004) Reproductive traits of Pinus halepensis in the light of fire—a critical review. Plant Ecol 171:69–79. doi:10.1023/B:VEGE.0000029380.04821.99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyland RD (1996) Silviculture: concepts and applications. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ottmar RD, Vihnanek RE, Wright CS (1998) Stereo photo series for quantifying natural fuels. Volume I: mixed-conifer with mortality, western juniper, sagebrush, and grassland types in the Interior Pacific Northwest. In: National Fire Equipment System Publication NFES 2580

  • Peterson DL, Johnson MC, Agee JK, Jain TB, McKenzie D, Reinhardt ED (2005) Forest structure and fire hazard in the western United States. General technical report PNW-GTR-628, USDA Forest Service

  • Piñol J, Terradas J, Lloret F (1998) Climatic warming hazard, and wildfire occurrence in coastal eastern Spain. Clim Chang 38:345–357. doi:10.1023/A:1005316632105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond CL, Peterson DL (2005) Fuel treatments alter the effects of wildfire in a mixed-evergreen forest, Oregon, USA. Can J For Res 35:2981–2995. doi:10.1139/X05-206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roccaforte JP, Fulé PZ, Covington WW (2008) Landscape-scale changes in canopy fuels and potential fire behavior following ponderosa pine restorations treatments. Int J Wildland Fire 17:293–303. doi:10.1071/WF06120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothermel RC (1972) A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. Research paper INT-115, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, p 40

  • Rothermel RC (1991) Predicting behavior and size of crown fires in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Research paper INT-438, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, p 46

  • Ryan KC (2002) Dynamic interactions between forest structure and fire behavior in boreal ecosystems. Silva Fennica 36:13–39 (ISSN 0037-5330)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott JH (1998) Fuel reduction in residential and scenic forests: a comparison of three treatments in a western Montana ponderosa pine stand. Research paper RMRS-RP-5, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, p 19

  • Scott JH (1999) NEXUS: a system for assessing crown fire hazard. Fire Manage Notes 59:20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott JH (2006) Comparison of crown fire modeling systems used in three fire management applications. Research paper RMRS-RP-58, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, p 25

  • Scott JH, Reinhardt ED (2001) Assessing crown fire potential by linking models of surface and crown fire potential. Research paper RMRS-29, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, p 59

  • Silva JS, Fernandes PAM, Vasconcelos J (2000) The effect on surface fuels and fire behavior of thinning a Pinus pinaster stand in central Portugal. In: Neuenschwander LF, Ryan KC, Gollberg GE (eds) Joint fire science conference and workshop proceedings: ‘crossing the millennium: integrating spatial technologies and ecological principles for a new age in fire management’. Boise, University of Idaho and the International Association of Wildland Fire, Moscow and Fairfield, vol II, pp 275–277. http://jfsp.nifc.gov/conferenceproc/P-14Silvaetal.pdf

  • Skog KE, Barbour RJ, Abt KL, Bilek EM (Ted) In: Burch F, Fight RD, Hugget RJ, Miles PD, Reinhardt ED, Sheppard WD (2006) Evaluation of silvicultural treatments and biomass use for reducing fire hazard in Western States. Research paper FPL-RP-634, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, p 30

  • Stephens SL (1998) Evaluation of the effects of silvicultural and fuel treatments on potential fire behavior in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. For Ecol Manage 105:21–35. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00293-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens SL, Moghaddas JJ (2005a) Silvicultural and reserve impacts on potential fire behavior and forest conservation: twenty-five years of experience from Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests. Biol Conserv 125:369–379. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.04.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens SL, Moghaddas JJ (2005b) Experimental fuel treatment impacts on forest structure, potential fire behavior, and predicted tree mortality in a California mixed conifer forest. For Ecol Manage 215:21–36. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stratton RD (2004) Assessing the effectiveness of landscape fuel treatments on fire growth and behavior. J For 102:32–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsitsoni T, Ganatsas P, Zagas T, Tsakaldimi M (2004) Dynamics of postfire regeneration of Pinus brutia Ten. in an artificial forest ecosystem of northern Greece. Plant Ecol 171:165–174. doi:10.1023/B:VEGE.0000029385.60590.fc

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • USDA (2003) Influence of forest structure on wildfire behavior and the severity of its effects. An overview. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaillant NM, Fites-Kaufman J, Reiner AL, Noonan-Wright EK, Dailey SN (2009) Effect of fuel treatments on fuels and potential fire behavior in California, USA, National Forests. Fire Ecol 5:14–29. doi:10.4996/FIREECOLOGY.0502014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wagner CE (1973) Height of crown scorch in forest fires. Can J For Res 3:373–378. doi:10.1139/x73-055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wagner CE (1977) Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire. Can J For Res 7:23–34. doi:10.1139/x77-004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Wagtendonk JW (1996) Use of a deterministic fire model to test fuel treatments. In: Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: final report to congress, vol II. Centers for water and wildland resources, University of California, Davis, pp 1155–1167

  • Vélez R (1982) Fire effects and fuel management in Mediterranean ecosystems in Spain. In: Conrad CE, Oechel WC (Technical coordinators) Dynamics and management of the Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Proceedings of the symposium, 22–26 June 1981, at San Diego. General technical report, PSW-58, USDA Foest Service, pp 458–463

  • Weatherspoon CP (1996) Fire-silviculture relationships in Sierra forests. In: Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: final report to congress, vol II. Centers for water and wildland resources, University of California, Davis, pp 1167–1176

  • Wilson JS, Baker PJ (1998) Mitigating fire risk to late-successional forest reserves on the east slope of the Washington Cascade Range, USA. For Ecol Manage 110:59–75. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00274-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xanthopoulos G, Caballero D, Galante M, Alexandrian D, Rigolot E, Marzano R (2006) Forest fuel management in Europe. In: Andrews PL, Butler BW (eds) Fuels management—how to measure success: conference proceedings, 28–30 March 2006, Portland. Proceedings RMRSP 41, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, pp. 29–46

  • Zagas T, Hatzistathis A, Tsitsoni T, Ganatsas P (1998) Degradation of Mediterranean forest ecosystems and silvicultural measures for their restoration. In: Giannias DA (ed) European Environmental Research, East–West Press: series in economics, business and the environment, vol 1, no 2, Athens, pp 53–60

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Th. Zagas.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zagas, T., Raptis, D., Zagas, D. et al. Planning and assessing the effectiveness of traditional silvicultural treatments for mitigating wildfire hazard in pine woodlands of Greece. Nat Hazards 65, 545–561 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0380-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0380-5

Keywords

Navigation