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Lactate Transport and Receptor Actions in Retina: Potential Roles in Retinal Function and Disease

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A Publisher's Erratum to this article was published on 26 April 2016

Abstract

In retina, like in brain, lactate equilibrates across cell membranes via monocarboxylate transporters and in the extracellular space by diffusion, forming a basis for the action of lactate as a transmitter of metabolic signals. In the present paper, we argue that the lactate receptor GPR81, also known as HCAR1, may contribute importantly to the control of retinal cell functions in health and disease. GPR81, a G-protein coupled receptor, is known to downregulate cAMP both in adipose and nervous tissue. The receptor also acts through other down-stream mechanisms to control functions, such as excitability, metabolism and inflammation. Recent publications predict effects of the lactate receptor on neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases in retina, where the retinal ganglion cells die, notably glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, may be linked to disturbed lactate homeostasis. Pilot studies reveal high GPR81 mRNA in retina and indicate GPR81 localization in Müller cells and retinal ganglion cells. Moreover, monocarboxylate transporters are expressed in retinal cells. We envision that lactate receptors and transporters could be useful future targets of novel therapeutic strategies to protect neurons and prevent or counteract glaucoma as well as other retinal diseases.

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Abbreviations

BRB:

Blood-retina barrier

cAMP:

Adenosine 3′5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)

CNS:

Central nervous system

EAAT:

Excitatory amino acid transporter

GPR81:

G-protein coupled receptor 81

HCAR1:

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1

MCTs:

Monocarboxylate transporters

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by grants from the University of Oslo, Anders Jahre’s Foundation for the Advancement of Science, and The Norwegian Research Council (including Unikard, a joint Research Council—Health Authority Grant), Norway, and from the University of Copenhagen, Velux Foundation, and the Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark

      Miriam Kolko, Fia Vosborg, Ulrik L. Henriksen, Elisabeth Holm Diget, Rupali Vohra, Iswariya Raja Sridevi Gurubaran, Albert Gjedde, Shelton Tendai Mariga, Dorte M. Skytt & Linda H. Bergersen

    2. Department of Ophthalmology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark

      Miriam Kolko

    3. Synaptic Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

      Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive, Shelton Tendai Mariga & Jon Storm-Mathisen

    4. Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1152, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway

      Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive, Elisabeth Holm Diget, Shelton Tendai Mariga, Tor Paaske Utheim & Linda H. Bergersen

    5. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

      Tor Paaske Utheim

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    Special Issue: In honor of Dr. Gerald Dienel.

    Miriam Kolko and Fia Vosborg have contributed equally to this article.

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    Kolko, M., Vosborg, F., Henriksen, U.L. et al. Lactate Transport and Receptor Actions in Retina: Potential Roles in Retinal Function and Disease. Neurochem Res 41, 1229–1236 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-015-1792-x

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