Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Applying homogeneity index modification to high-capacity high-dynamic-range image authentication with distortion tolerance

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Distortion-free data hiding algorithms for high-dynamic-range (HDR) images use homogeneity index modification for data embedding. No distortion is encountered between a tone-mapped cover and stego images. However, only approximately one-eighth of pixels have two or more homogeneous representations for data embedding, affecting their performance and applications. This study investigates the feasibility of modifying the homogeneity index for a new application known as HDR image authentication. First, a revision threshold is introduced to ensure that each processing pixel has the maximum number of homogeneous representations possible. In the proposed algorithm, each pixel can perform data embedding. Following that, an authentication code is embedded using a multiple-base notational system. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm significantly increases the embedding capacity and supports HDR image authentication. The data-embedded images with embedded messages are of good quality, and tampered pixels can be effectively detected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aydın TO, Mantiuka R, Seidel H-P (2008) Extending Quality Metrics to Full Luminance Range Images. Proceed SPIE - Int Soc Optical Eng 6806(68060B):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bai Y, Jiang G, Yu M, Peng Z, Chen F (2018) Towards a tone mapping-robust watermarking algorithm for high dynamic range image based on spatial activity. Signal Process Image Commun 65:187–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bakhsh FY, Moghaddam ME (2018) A robust HDR images watermarking method using artificial bee Colony algorithm. J Inform Sec Appl 41:12–27

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chang CC, Nguyen TS, Lin CC (2016) A new distortion-free data embedding scheme for high-dynamic range images. Multimed Tools Appl 75(1):145–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen WS, Liao YK, Lin YT, Wang CM (2016) A novel general multiple-base data embedding algorithm. Inf Sci 358-359:164–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cheng YM, Wang CM (2009) A novel approach to steganography in high-dynamic-range images. IEEE Multimedia 16(3):70–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Douglas M, Bailey K, Leeney M, Curran K (2018) An overview of steganography techniques applied to the protection of biometric data. Multimed Tools Appl 77(13):17333–17373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fujiyoshi M, Kiya H (2017) A blind reversible data hiding method for high dynamic range images taking advantage of sparse histogram. Proceed Int Workshop Digital Watermarking 10431:347–361

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gao X, Pana Z, Gao E, Fan G (2020) Reversible data hiding for high dynamic range images using two-dimensional prediction-error histogram of the second time prediction. Signal Process 173(107579):1–17

    Google Scholar 

  10. Guerrini F, Okuda M, Adami N, Leonardi R (2011) High dynamic range image watermarking robust against tone-mapping operators. IEEE Trans Inform Forensics Sec 6(2):283–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. He X, Zhang W, Zhang H, Ma L, Li Y (2019) Reversible data hiding for high dynamic range images using edge information. Multimed Tools Appl 78:29137–29160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. High Dynamic Range Image Examples. http://www.anyhere.com/gward/hdrenc/pages/originals.html. Accessed 6 January 2022.

  13. Hussain M, Wahab AWA, Idris YIB, Ho AT, Jung KH (2018) Image steganography in spatial domain: a survey. Signal Process Image Commun 65:46–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Li MT, Huang NC, Wang CM (2011) A Data Hiding Scheme for High Dynamic Range Images. Int J Innov Comput, Inform Control 7(5(A)):2021–2035

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lin YT, Wang CM, Chen WS, Lin FP, Lin W (2017) A novel data hiding algorithm for high dynamic range images. IEEE Trans Multimedia 19(1):196–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu S, Wang S, Liu X, Gandomi AH, Daneshmand M, Muhammad K, and de Albuquerque VHC , (2021) “Human memory update strategy: a multi-layer template update mechanism for remote visual monitoring”. Accept IEEE Trans Multimedia

  17. Liu S, Wang S, Liu X, Lin C-T, Lv Z (2021) Fuzzy detection aided real-time and robust visual tracking under complex environments. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 29(1):90–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Luo T, Jiang G, Yu M, Xu H, Gao W (2019) Robust high dynamic range color image watermarking method based on feature map extraction. Signal Process 155:83–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Maiorana E and Campisi P, “High-capacity Watermarking of High Dynamic Range Images,” EURASIP J Image Video Process, 2016, No. 1, Article 3, pp. 1–15, 2016.

  20. Maiorana E, Campisi P (2016) Multi-bit watermarking of high dynamic range images based on perceptual models. Secur Commun Networks 9(8):705–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mantiuk R, Daly S, Kerofsky L (2008) Display Adaptive Tone Mapping. ACM Trans Graphics 27(3):68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Mantiuk R, Kim KJ, Rempel AG, Heidrich W (2011) HDR-VDP-2: A Calibrated Visual Metric for Visibility and Quality Predictions in All Luminance Conditions. ACM Trans Graphics 30(4):40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Narwaria M, Mantiuk RK, Da Silva MP, and Le Callet P, “HDR-VDP-2.2: A Calibrated Method for Objective Quality Prediction of High-dynamic Range and Standard Images,” J Electron Imaging, Vol. 24, No. 1, Article 010501, pp. 1–3, 2015.

  24. Petitcolas FAP, Anderson RJ, Kuhn MG (1999) Information hiding – a survey. Proceed IEEE Special Issue Protection Multimedia Content 87(7):1062–1078

    Google Scholar 

  25. Reinhard E, Ward G, Pattanaik S, Debevec P (2010) High dynamic range imaging: acquisition, display, and image-based lighting. Morgan Kaufmann, Second Edition

  26. Wang ZH, Lin TY, Chang CC, Lin CC (2012) A Novel Distortion-free Data Hiding Scheme for High Dynamic Range Images. Proceed 4th IEEE Int Conf Digital Home:33–38

  27. Ward G (1994) The RADIANCE Lighting Simulation and Rendering System. Proceed 21st Ann Conf Comput Graph Int Techniq:475–472

  28. Yu CM, Wu KC, Wang CM (2011) A distortion-free data hiding scheme for high dynamic range images. Displays 32(5):225–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Yu X, Wang C, and Zhou X A survey on robust video watermarking algorithms for copyright protection. Appl Sci, 8, No. 10, Article 1891, 99. 1–26, 2018.

  30. Zhang XP, Wang SZ (2005) Steganography using Multiple-Base notational system and human vision sensitivity. IEEE Signal Process Lett 12(1):67–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhou H, Zhang W, Chen K, Li W, and Yu N (2021) Three-dimensional mesh steganography and Steganalysis: a review. Accept IEEE Trans Visualization Comput Graphics

  32. Zhu W, Wang X, Gao W (2020) Multimedia intelligence: when multimedia meets artificial intelligence. IEEE Trans Multimedia 22(7):1823–1835

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grant numbers MOST 109-2221-E-468-010-MY2, MOST 109-2321-B-468-001, and MOST 110-2321-B-468-001.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng Dist, Taichung City, 413305, Taiwan

    Yuan-Yu Tsai, Hong-Lin Liu & Cheng-You Ying

  2. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 404332, Taiwan

    Yuan-Yu Tsai

Authors
  1. Yuan-Yu Tsai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hong-Lin Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cheng-You Ying
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuan-Yu Tsai.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tsai, YY., Liu, HL. & Ying, CY. Applying homogeneity index modification to high-capacity high-dynamic-range image authentication with distortion tolerance. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 24957–24976 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12837-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12837-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation