Abstract
This work deals with the influence of dehydration treatment of the red macroalga Chondrus crispus prior to extraction of carrageenans on the hydrogels rheological features. The emerging microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity technique, freeze-drying and the conventional convective air drying were selected as dehydration treatment to pretreat the alga before the recovering of the carrageenans based on the results optimized in a parallel work. Fundamental structural and thermorheological measurements were performed to analyze the features of the sustainably extracted hybrid carrageenans using only water as extractive agent. The molecular weight distribution and the degree of hybridization of the kappa/iota hybrid carrageenans varied markedly depending on the dehydration treatment. Rheology testing showed that systems made with the extracted carrageenans exhibited weak and intermediate gel features, short maturation time (less than 30 min) and absence of syneresis during the studied cold storage. A strengthening of the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels was identified for those made with carrageenans extracted after microwave treatment, where the most hermos-stable gels were prepared with the hybrid carrageenans with higher molecular weights. Gel setting temperatures were highly dependent on the drying pretreatment of the alga, whereas gel melting ones were practically invariant. Overall, the proposed microwave treatment delivered hybrid carrageenans with enhanced rheological features by means of a more sustainable and efficient treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Álvarez-Viñas M, González-Ballesteros N, Torres MD, López-Hortas L, Vanini C, Domingo G, Rodríguez-Argüelles MC, Domínguez H (2022) Efficient extraction of carrageenans from Chondrus crispus for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and formulation of printable hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 206:553–566
Arokiarajan MS, Thirunavukkarasu R, Joseph J, Ekaterina O, Aruni W (2022) Advance research in biomedical applications on marine sulfated polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 194:870–881
Azevedo G, Bernardo G, Hilliou L (2014) NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus. Food Hydrocoll 37:116–123
Azevedo G, Hilliou L, Bernardo G, Sousa-Pinto I, Adams RW, Nilsson M, Villanueva RD (2013) Tailoring kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan from Mastocarpus stellatus with desired gel quality through preextraction alkali treatment. Food Hydrocoll 31:94–102
Azevedo G, Torres MD, Almeida PL, Hilliou L (2022) Exploring relationships between seaweeds carrageenan contents and extracted hybrid carrageenan properties in wild and cultivated Mastocarpus stellatus, Chondrus crispus and Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis. Algal Res 67:102840
Azevedo G, Torres MD, Sousa-Pinto I, Hilliou L (2015) Effect of pre-extraction alkali treatment on the chemical structure and gelling properties of extracted hybrid carrageenan from Chondrus crispus and Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis. Food Hydrocoll 50:150–158
Bahari A, Moelants K, Wallecan J, Mangiante G, Mazoyer J, Hendrickx M, Grauwet T (2021) Understanding the effect of time, temperature and salts on carrageenan extraction from Chondrus crispus. Algal Res 58:102371
Barral-Martínez M, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H, Torres MD (2020) Tailoring hybrid carrageenans from Mastocarpus stellatus red seaweed using microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity. Carbohydr Polym 248:116830
Batista P, Nunes MC, Sousa I (2002) Physical characterisation of commercial dairy desserts. In: Martinez Boza F, Guerrero A, Partal P, Franco J, Munoz J (eds) Progress in Rheology: Theory and Applications. Publicaciones Digitales, Spain
Bixler H, Porse H (2011) A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry. J Appl Phycol 23:321–335
De Quirós AR-B, López-Hernández J (2021) An overview on effects of processing on the nutritional content and bioactive compounds in seaweeds. Foods 10:2168
del Olmo A, Picon A, Nuñez M (2020) Preservation of five edible seaweeds by high pressure processing: effect on microbiota, shelf life, colour, texture and antioxidant capacity. Algal Res 49:101938
Faria GSM, Hayashi L, Monteiro AR (2014) Effect of drying temperature on carrageenan yield and quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) cultivated in Brazil. J Appl Phycol 26:917–922
Gómez-Ordóñez E, Rupérez P (2011) FTIR-ATR spectroscopy as a tool for polysaccharide identification in edible brown and red seaweeds. Food Hydrocoll 25:1514–1520
Hilliou L, Larotonda FDS, Abreu P, Abreu MH, Sereno AM, Gonçalves MP (2012) The impact of seaweed life phase and post-harvest storage duration on the chemical and rheological properties of hybrid carrageenans isolated from Portuguese Mastocarpus stellatus. Carbohydr Polym 87:2655–2663
Jin H, Guo-Chen Z, Chun-Liu Z, Gang M, Lu-Ying Z (2015) Drying characteristics and protein retention rate of seaweed Gracilaria sp dried by microwave vacuum. J Dalian Ocean Univ 30:405–409
López-Hortas L, Caleja C, Pinela J, Petrović J, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR, Torres MD, Domínguez H, Pereira E, Barros L (2022) Comparative evaluation of physicochemical profile and bioactive properties of red edible seaweed Chondrus crispus subjected to different drying methods. Food Chem 383:132450
López-Hortas L, Domínguez H, Torres MD (2019) Valorisation of edible brown seaweeds by the recovery of bioactive compounds from aqueous phase using MHG to develop innovative hydrogels. Process Biochem 78:100–107
López-Hortas L, Gannon L, Moreira R, Chenlo F, Domínguez H, Torres MD (2018) Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) processing of Laminaria ochroleuca brown seaweed. J Clean Prod 197:1108–1116
Mandal S, Nagi GK, Corcoran AA, Agrawal R, Dubey M, Hunt RW (2023) Algal polysaccharides for 3D printing: A review. Carbohydr Polym 300:120267
Moreira R, Chenlo F, Torres MD (2016) Gelling characteristics and rheology of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans extracted from Mastocarpus stellatus dried at different temperatures. J Appl Phycol 28:3635–3644
Moreira R, Chenlo F, Torres MD, Silva C, Prieto DM, Sousa AMM, Hilliou L, Gonçalves MP (2011) Drying kinetics of biofilms obtained from chestnut starch and carrageenan with and without glycerol. Drying Technol 29:1058–1065
Nunes MC, Raymundo A, Sousa I (2004) Effect of thermal treatment and composition on the mechanical properties of pea/kappa-carrageenan/starch desserts. In: Williams PA, Phillips GO (eds) Gums and stabilisers for the food industry. Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp 54–64
Pereira L (2018) Seaweeds as source of bioactive substances and skin care therapy - Cosmeceuticals, algotheraphy, and thalassotherapy. Cosmetics 5:68
Pereira L (2017) Vibrational spectroscopy of seaweed polysaccharides. In: Venkatesan J, Anil S, Kim S-k (eds) Seaweed Polysaccharides: isolation biological and biomedical applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 83–100
Pereira L, Amado AM, Critchley AT, Velde F, Van De Ribeiro-Claro PJA (2009) Identification of selected seaweed polysaccharides (phycocolloids) by vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR and FT-Raman). Food Hydrocoll 23:1903–1909
Préchoux A, Genicot S, Rogniaux H, Helbert W (2013) Controlling carrageenan structure using a novel formylglycine-dependent sulfatase, an endo-4S-iota-carrageenan sulfatase. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 15:265–74
Sarbatly R, Wong T, Bono A, Krishnaiah D (2010) Kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of seaweed dried in the convective air drier. Int J Food Eng 6:7
Souza HKS, Hilliou L, Bastos M, Gonçalves MP (2011) Effects of molecular weight and chemical structure on the thermal and rheological properties of gelling κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan solutions. Carbohydr Polym 85:429–438
Tasende MG, Cid M, Fraga MI (2012) Spatial and temporal variations of Chondrus crispus (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta) carrageenan content in natural populations from Galicia (NW Spain). J Appl Phycol 24:941–951
Thiviya P, Gamage A, Liyanapathiranage A, Makehelwala M, Dassanayake RS, Manamperi A, Merah O, Mani S, Koduru JR, Madhujith T (2023) Algal polysaccharides: Structure, preparation and applications in food packaging. Food Chem 405:134903
Torres MD, Azevedo G, Hilliou L (2016) Phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus. Carbohydr Polym 136:449–458
Torres MD, Chenlo F, Moreira R (2016) Rheology of κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan from Mastocarpus stellatus: Critical parameters for the gel formation. Int J Biol Macromol 86:418–424
Torres MD, Chenlo F, Moreira R (2018) Structural features and water sorption isotherms of carrageenans: A prediction model for hybrid carrageenans. Carbohydr Polym 180:72–80
Torres MD, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H (2021) Chondrus crispus treated with ultrasound as a polysaccharides source with improved antitumoral potential. Carbohydr Polym 273:118588
Tuvikene R, Truus K, Robal M, Pehk T, Kailas T, Vaher M, Paalme T (2009) Structure and thermal stability of pyruvated carrageenans from the red alga Coccotylus truncatus. Carbohydr Res 344:788–794
van de Velde F (2008) Structure and function of hybrid carrageenans. Food Hydrocoll 22:727–734
Villanueva RD, Mendoza WG, Rodriguez MRC, Romero JB, Montaño MNE (2004) Structure and functional performance of gigartinacean kappa-iota hybrid carrageenan and solieriacean kappa-iota carrageenan blends. Food Hydrocoll 18:283–292
Wang X, He L, Ma Y, Huan L, Wang Y, Xia B, Wang G (2020) Economically important red algae resources along the Chinese coast: history, status, and prospects for their utilization. Algal Res 46:101817
Ward GM, Faisan JP Jr, Cottier-Cook EJ, Gachon C, Hurtado AQ, Lim PE, Matoju I, Msuya FE, Bass D, Brodie J (2020) A review of reported seaweed diseases and pests in aquaculture in Asia. J World Aquacult Soc 51:815–828
Acknowledgements
Authors thank Xunta de Galicia (Centro Singular CINBIO ED481D-2022/018 and GRC-ED431C 2022/08). M.D.T. thanks the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain for her postdoctoral grant (RYC2018-024454-I) and the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade da Xunta de Galicia (ED431F 2020/01). Funding for open access charge: Universidade de Vigo/CISUG.
Funding
This research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (RTI2018-096376-B-I00). M.D.T. acknowledges to the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain for her postdoctoral grants (RYC2018-024454-I) and to the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade da Xunta de Galicia (ED431F 2020/01).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
M.D.T. and H.D. designed the research study. L.L.H. and M.D.T. performed the research and analyzed the data. M.D.T. and H.D. wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to editorial changes in the manuscript. Authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
Authors declare there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Torres, M.D., López-Hortas, L. & Domínguez, H. Can the drying treatment modify the rheology of Chondrus crispus hybrid carrageenans hydrogels?. J Appl Phycol 36, 331–340 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-023-03154-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-023-03154-1