Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Do the rich give more? The effects of family wealth and entrepreneurial effort on firm philanthropy and growth.

  • Published:
Asia Pacific Journal of Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Past research has offered conflicting evidence concerning the effect of family wealth on philanthropy. Equality of Opportunity (EOP) theory has received wide scholarly attention to explain an individual’s philanthropic engagement through the simultaneous consideration of both family wealth and personal effort. Drawing on the insights of EOP, we extend EOP toward entrepreneurial theory and practice by examining how entrepreneurs’ family endowment and entrepreneurial effort impact their charity donation and business growth. Utilizing a large, national dataset with 2503 Chinese entrepreneurs, our findings suggest that entrepreneurs with higher level of entrepreneurial effort are more likely to donate to charity and achieve greater firm growth in the process. In addition, higher level of entrepreneurial effort attenuates the contribution of philanthropy to firm growth. Conversely, no significant effect with respect to family wealth was found.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. We thank an anonymous reviewer for bringing this point to our attention.

References

  • Ahlstrom, D., & Bruton, G. D. 2001. Learning from successful local private firms in China: Establishing legitimacy. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(4): 72–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. D., & Yeh, K. S. 2008. Private firms in China: Building legitimacy in an emerging economy. Journal of World Business, 43(4): 385–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahlstrom, D., Cumming, D. J., & Vismara, S. 2018. New methods of entrepreneurial firm financing: Fintech, crowdfunding and corporate governance implications. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 26(5): 310–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, A., Jack, S., & Dodd, S. 2005. The role of family members in entrepreneurial networks: Beyond the boundaries of the family firm. Family Business Review, 18(2): 135–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arneson, R. 1989. Equality and equality of opportunity for welfare. Philosophical Studies, 56: 77–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arneson, R. 2000. Welfare should be the currency of justice. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 30: 477–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aseanplus News. 2020. China home to 61% of worlds’ self-made woman billionaires. Retrieved from: https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/03/22/china-home-to-61-of-world039s-self-made-woman-billionaire. Accessed 17 Nov 2020.

  • Barros, R., Ferreira, F., Vega, J., & Chanduvi, S. 2009. Measuring inequality of opportunity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R.A., Tang, J., Tang, Z., & Zhang, Y. 2018. Bribes as entrepreneurial actions: Why underdog entrepreneurs feel compelled to use them. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(6): 679–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, T. 1997. Financing small business creation: The case of Chinese and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 12: 109–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benkler, Y. 2006. The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. Yale University Press.

  • Betts, J., & Roemer, J. 2007, Equalizing opportunity for racial and socioeconomic groups in the United States through educational finance reform, in Ludger Woessmann and Paul E. Peterson (Eds.), Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman, S.L., Wicks, A.C., Kotha, S., and Jones, T.M. 1999. Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 488–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bian, Y., Breiger, R., Davis, D., & Galaskiewicz, J. 2005. Occupation, class, and social networks in urban China. Social Forces, 83(4): 1443–1468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, M., & Wennberg, K. 2016. Why family matters: The impact of family resources on immigrant entrepreneurs’ exit from entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 31: 687–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Block, F. 2020. Nearly three-quarters of the world’s young self-made billionaires are from the U.S. and China. Retrieved from: https://www.barrons.com/articles/nearly-three-quarters-of-the-worlds-young-self-made-billionaires-are-from-the-u-s-and-china-01583788480. Accessed 17 Nov 2020.

  • Brammer, S., & Pavelin, S. 2006. Corporate reputation and social performance: The importance of fit. Journal of Management Studies, 43: 435–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breugst, N., Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. 2020. When is effort contagious in new venture management teams? Understanding the contingencies of social motivation theory. Journal of Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12546

  • Brik, A., Rettab, B., & Mellahi, K. 2011. Market orientation, corporate social responsibility, and business performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(3): 307–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruton, G., & Ahlstrom, D. 2003. An institutional view of China’s venture capital industry: Explaining the differences between China and the West. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1): 233–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruton, G., Ahlstrom, D., & Chen, J. 2021. China has emerged as an aspirant economy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9638-0

  • Calo-Blanco, A., & Garcia-Perez, J.I. 2014. On the welfare loss caused by inequality of opportunity. Journal of Economic Inequality, 12(2): 221–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campopiano, G., De Massis, A., & Chirico, F. 2014. Firm philanthropy in small- and medium-sized family firms: The effects of family involvement in ownership and management. Family Business Review, 27(3): 244–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli, A., Gilat, G., & Waldman, D.A. 2007. The role of perceived organizational performance in organizational identification, adjustment and job performance. Journal of Management Studies, 44: 972–992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, M. 2019. Taking first place. Retrieved from: https://knowledge.ckgsb.edu.cn/2019/12/19/entrepreneurship/female-billionaires-in-china/. Accessed 17 Nov 2020.

  • Checchi, D., & Peragine, V. 2010. Inequality of opportunity in Italy. Journal of Economic Inequality, 8: 429–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., Zhang, Z., & Jia, M. 2020. How CEO narcissism affects corporate social responsibility choice? Asia Pacific Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09698-6

  • Christian, M., & Ellis, A. 2011. Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance: A self-regulatory perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5): 913–934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, J., & Wang, H. 2009. Stakeholder relations and the persistence of corporate financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30: 895–907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, G. 1989. On the currency of egalitarian justice. Ethics, 99: 906–944.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruz, C., Justo, R., & De Castro, J.O. 2012. Does family involvement enhance SMEs performance? Integrating socioemotional wealth and family embeddedness perspectives. Journal of Business Venturing, 27: 62–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P., & Wiklund, J. 2000. Conceptual and empirical challenges in the study of firm growth. In: Sexton, D. L., & Landström, H. (Eds.), The Blackwell Handbook of Entrepreneurship (pp. 26–44). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davila, A., Foster G., & Gupta, M. 2003. Venture capital financing and the growth of start-up firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (6): 689–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, J. F. 2014. Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how. Journal of business and psychology, 29(1): 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delmar, F. 1997. Measuring growth: Methodological considerations and empirical results. In: Donckels, R., & Miettinen, A. (Eds.), Entrepreneurship and SME Research: On its Way to the Next Millennium (pp. 199–216). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delmar, F., Davidsson, P., & Gartner, W. 2003. Arriving at the high growth firm. Journal of Business Venturing 18(2): 189–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. 1995. The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20: 65–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du, X. 2015. Is corporate philanthropy used as environmental misconduct dressing? Evidence from Chinese family-owned firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(2): 341–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ducassy, I. 2013. Does corporate social responsibility pay off in times of crisis? An alternate perspective on the relationship between financial and corporate social performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(3): 157–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dworkin, R. 1981. What is equality? Part 2: Equality of resources. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 10: 283–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelman, L., Manolova, T., Shirokova, G., & Tsukanova, T. 2016. The impact of family support on young entrepreneurs’ startup activities. Journal of Business Venturing, 31: 428–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fassin, Y. 2005. The reasons behind non-ethical behavior in business and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 60: 265–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., & Hafsi, T. 2015. Government intervention, peers’ giving and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from Chinese private SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(2): 433–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani, M., & Carney, M. 2016. The changing face of China’s billionaire-entrepreneurs. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 33: 881–902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilchrist, K. 2018. Here are the 10 wealthiest people in China – A country leading the way for self-made billionaires. Retrieved from: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/20/self-made-billionaires-chinas-10-richest-billionaires.html. Accessed 17 Nov 2020.

  • Godfrey, P. C. 2005. The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective. Academy of Management Review, 30(4): 777–798.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. 1985. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, 91(3): 481–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, S. 1988. Is equality of opportunity a false ideal for society? The British Journal of Sociology, XXXIX(1): 1-27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulati, R., & Gargiulo, M. 1999. Where do interorganizational networks come from? American Journal of Sociology, 104(5): 1439–1293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R., Dibben, M., & Mason, C. 1997. The role of trust in the informal investor’s investment decision: An exploratory analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Summer: 63–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, A.F. 2013. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, P. 2005. Social class, market situation, and consumer’s metaphors of (dis)emplowerment. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4): 766–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hite, J. 2005. Evolutionary processes and paths of relationally embedded network ties in emerging entrepreneurial firms. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Jan.: 113–144.

  • Huergo, E., & Jaumandreu, J. 2004. Firm ́s age, process innovation and productivity growth, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22: 541–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, H. 2006. Small business champions for corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 67: 241–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia, N. 2013. Are collective political action and private political actions substitutes or complements? Empirical evidence from China’s private sector. Strategic Management Journal, 35: 292–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia, M., & Zhang, Z. 2015. News visibility and corporate philanthropic response: Evidence from privately owned Chinese firms following the Wenchuan earthquake. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(1): 93–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.A., & Greening, D.W. 1999. The effects of corporate governance and institutional ownership types on corporate social performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 563–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson, S., & Lindbergh, J. 2011. The development of social capital and financing of entrepreneurial firms: From financial bootstrapping to bank funding. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, July: 661–686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, S. 2004. Haves and have-nots: China’s boom leaves many behind. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/26/opinion/haves-and-havenots-chinas-boom-leaves-many-behind.html. Accessed 17 Nov 2020.

  • Khan, S.A., Tang, J., & Joshi, K. 2014. Disengagement of nascent entrepreneurs from the startup process. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(1): 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laffineur, C., Barbosa, S.D., & Fayolle, A. 2020. The unshackled entrepreneur: Occupational determinants of entrepreneurial effort. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(5).

  • Lau, C., & Busenitz, L. 2001. Growth intentions of entrepreneurs in a transitional economy: The People’s Republic of China. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 26(1): 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeFranc, A., Pistolesi, N., & Trannoy, A. 2008. Inequality of opportunities vs. inequality of outcomes: Are western societies all alike? Review of Income and Wealth, 54(4): 513–546.

  • Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. 1977. Just-world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85: 1030-1051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, R., & Cannella, A. 2006. Interorganizational familiness: How family firms use interlocking directorates to build community-level social capital. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, November: 755–774.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, S., Song, X., & Wu, H. 2015. Political connection, ownership structure, and corporate philanthropy in China: A strategic-political perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(2): 399–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., & Tang, Y. 2010. CEO hubris and firm risk taking in China: The moderating role of managerial discretion. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1): 45–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, N. 2001. Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H., & Baker, C. 2016. Ordinary aristocrats: The discursive construction of philanthropists as ethical leaders. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(2): 261–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long, J. S., & Ervin, L. H. 2000. Using heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors in the linear regression model. The American Statistician, 54: 217–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayo, J.W., & Tinsley, T.H. 2009. Warm glow and charitable giving: Why the wealthy do not give more to charity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3): 490–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. 2000. Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Correlation or misspecification. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 603–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishina, Y., Pollock, T., & Porac, J. 2004. Are more resources always better for growth? Resource stickiness in market and product expansion. Strategic Management Journal, 25: 1179–1197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murillo, D., & Lozano, J.M. 2006. SMEs and CSR: An approach to CSR in their own words. Journal of Business Ethics, 67: 227–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nee, V. 1992. Organizational dynamics of market transition: Hybrid forms, property rights, and mixed economy in China. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37: 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, W. 2011. The effect of ownership structure on corporate social responsibility: Empirical evidence from Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(2): 283–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olen, H. 2017. Why don’t America’s rich give more to charity? Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/12/why-dont-rich-give-more-charity/548537/. Accessed 17 Nov 2020.

  • Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F.L., & Rynes, S.L. 2003. Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24: 403–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M.W., Lebedev, S., Vlas, C., Wang, J., & Shay J. 2018. The growth of the firm in (and out of) emerging economies. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35: 829–857.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peragine, V. 2004. Measuring and implementing equality of opportunity for income. Social Choice and Welfare, 22: 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peragine, V., Palmisano, F., & Brunori, P. 2014. Economic growth and equality of opportunity. World Bank Economic Review, 28(2): 247–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perrini, F., Russo, A., & Tencati, A. 2007. CSR strategies of SMEs and large firms: Evidence from Italy. Journal of Business Ethics, 74: 285–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piff, P., Kraus, M., Cote, S., Cheng, B., & Keltner, D. 2010. Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5): 771–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pignataro, G. 2012. Equality of opportunity: Policy and measurement paradigms. Journal of Economic Surveys, 26(5): 800–834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pistolesi, N. 2009. Inequality of opportunity in the land of opportunities, 1968-2001. Journal of Economic Inequality, 7: 411-433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preacher, K.J., & Hayes, A.F. 2008. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40: 879–891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralston, D.A., Terpstra-Tong, J., Terpstra, R.H., Wang, X., & Egri, C. 2006. Today's state-owned enterprises of China: Are they dying dinosaurs or dynamic dynamos? Strategic Management Journal. 27(9): 825–843.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawls, J.1971. A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roemer, J. 2003. Defending equality of opportunity. The Monist, 86(2): 261–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosa Dias, P. 2009. Inequality of opportunity in health: Evidence from a UK cohort study. Health Economics, 18(9): 1057–1074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schradie, J. 2012. The trend of class, race, and ethnicity in social media inequality: Who still cannot afford to blog? Information, Communication & Society, 15(4): 555–571.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, A. 1985. Commodities and capabilities. Amsterdam: North Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Si, S., Ahlstrom, D., Wei, J., & Cullen, J. 2020. Business, entrepreneurship and innovation toward poverty reduction. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(1–2): 1–20.

  • Stern, K. 2013. Why the rich don’t give to charity. Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/04/why-the-rich-dont-give/309254/. Accessed 17 Nov 2020.

  • Stimpson, D., Jensen, L., & Neff, W. 1992. Cross-cultural gender differences in preference for a caring moralityJournal of Social Psychology, 132(3): 317–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su, J., & He, J. 2009. Does giving lead to getting? Evidence from Chinese private enterprises. Journal of Business Ethics, 93: 73–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Z., & Tang, J. 2012. Stakeholder-firm power difference, stakeholders’ CSR orientation, and SMEs’ environmental performance in China. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(4): 436–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, J., Tang, Z., & Katz, J. 2014. Proactiveness, stakeholder–firm power difference, and product safety and quality of Chinese SMEs. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 38(5): 1129–1157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, J., Tang, Z., Zhu, R., & Li, X. 2020. Entrepreneurs’ resource background, innovation, philanthropy, and the exit of external investment in private ventures in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09674-0

  • Tomizawa, A., Zhao, L., Bassellier, G., & Ahlstrom, D. 2020. Economic growth, innovation, institutions, and the Great Enrichment. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37(1): 7–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trannoy, A., Tubeuf, S., Jusot, F., & Devaux, M. 2010. Inequality of opportunities in health in France: A first pass. Health Economics, 19(8): 921–938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trautmann, S., Kuilen, G., & Zeckhauser, R. 2013. Social class and (un)ethical behavior: A framework, with evidence from a large population sample. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(5): 487–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uy, M.A., Foo, MD., & Ilies, R. 2015. Perceived progress variability and entrepreneurial effort intensity: The moderating role of venture goal commitment. Journal of Business Venturing, 30: 375–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkataraman, S., & Van de Ven, A.H. 1998. Hostile environmental jolts, transaction set, and new business. Journal of Business Venturing, 13: 231–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villanueva, J., Van de Ven, A., & Sapienza, H. 2012. Resource mobilization in entrepreneurial firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 27: 19–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waltenberg, F., & Vandenberghe, V., 2007. What does it take to achieve equality of opportunity in education? An empirical investigation based on Brazilian data. Economics of Education Review, 26(6): 709–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J., & MacKinnon, D. P. 2008. Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models. Structural Equation Modeling, 15: 23–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woolley, F. 1998. Social cohesion and voluntary activity: Making connections. CSLS Conference on the State of Living Standards and the Quality of Life in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Oct., 30–31.

  • Yalonetsky, G. 2012. A dissimilarity index of multidimensional inequality of opportunity. Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3): 343–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye, N., Teng, L., & Yu, Y. 2015. “What’s in it for me?” The effect of donation outcomes on donation behavior. Journal of Business Research, 68(3): 480–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. N., Tsai, T., Wang, X., Liu, S., & Ahlstrom, D. 2014. Strategy in emerging economies and the theory of the firm. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(2): 331–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarutskie, R. 2010. The role of top management team human capital in venture capital markets: Evidence from first-time funds. Journal of Business Venturing, 25: 155–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, W. 2013. Political connections and entrepreneurial investment: Evidence from China’s transition economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28: 299–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Y., Sun, L., & Leung, A. 2014. Corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: The role of ethical leadership. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31: 925–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chaifetz School of Business, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA

    Jintong Tang

  2. Rochester Institute of Technology, Saunders College of Business, Rochester, NY, 14623-5608, USA

    Zhi Tang

  3. Information Systems and Technology, College of Business Administration, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA

    Shaji A. Khan

Authors
  1. Jintong Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhi Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shaji A. Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jintong Tang.

Additional information

We are indebted to editor David Ahlstrom and the two anonymous reviewers. Their encouragement, invaluable feedback, and constructive comments have helped us improve the quality of the manuscript tremendously.

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tang, J., Tang, Z. & Khan, S.A. Do the rich give more? The effects of family wealth and entrepreneurial effort on firm philanthropy and growth.. Asia Pac J Manag 39, 699–722 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-020-09746-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-020-09746-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation