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The Global Spine Care Initiative: a narrative review of psychological and social issues in back pain in low- and middle-income communities

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this review was to describe psychological and social factors associated with low back pain that could be applied in spine care programs in medically underserved areas and low- and middle-income countries.

Methods

We performed a narrative review of cohort, cross-sectional, qualitative and mixed methods studies investigating adults with low back pain using Medline and PubMed were searched from January 2000 to June 2015. Eligible studies had at least one of the following outcomes: psychological, social, psychosocial, or cultural/ethnicity factors. Studies met the following criteria: (1) English language, (2) published in peer-reviewed journal, (3) adults with spinal disorders, (4) included treatment, symptom management or prevention.

Results

Out of 58 studies, 29 were included in this review. There are few studies that have evaluated psychological and social factors associated with back pain in low- and middle-income communities, therefore, adapting recommendations from other regions may be needed until further studies can be achieved.

Conclusion

Psychological and social factors are important components to addressing low back pain and health care providers play an important role in empowering patients to take control of their spinal health outcomes. Patients should be included in negotiating their spinal treatment and establishing treatment goals through careful listening, reassurance, and information providing by the health care provider. Instruments need to be developed for people with low literacy in medically underserved areas and low- and middle-income countries, especially where psychological and social factors may be difficult to detect and are poorly addressed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of General Medical Rehabilitation, Geneva University and University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland

    Christine Cedraschi

  2. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

    Christine Cedraschi

  3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA

    Margareta Nordin

  4. World Spine Care Europe, Holmfirth, UK

    Margareta Nordin

  5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Scott Haldeman

  6. Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    Scott Haldeman

  7. World Spine Care, Santa Ana, CA, USA

    Scott Haldeman

  8. Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, Canada

    Kristi Randhawa & Pierre Côté

  9. UOIT-CMCC Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Canada

    Kristi Randhawa & Pierre Côté

  10. Graduate Education and Research Programs, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada

    Deborah Kopansky-Giles

  11. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Deborah Kopansky-Giles

  12. National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, IL, USA

    Claire D. Johnson

  13. Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Roger Chou

  14. Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Roger Chou

  15. Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Eric L. Hurwitz

Authors
  1. Christine Cedraschi
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  2. Margareta Nordin
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  3. Scott Haldeman
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  4. Kristi Randhawa
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  5. Deborah Kopansky-Giles
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  6. Claire D. Johnson
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  7. Roger Chou
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  8. Eric L. Hurwitz
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  9. Pierre Côté
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine Cedraschi.

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Funding

The Global Spine Care Initiative and this study were funded by Grants from the Skoll Foundation and NCMIC Foundation. World Spine Care provided financial management for this project. The funders had no role in study design, analysis, or preparation of this paper.

Conflicts of interest

CC declares no conflicts of interest. MN declares funding from Skoll Foundation and NCMIC Foundation through World Spine Care; Co-Chair, World Spine Care Research Committee. Palladian Health, Clinical Policy Advisory Board member. Book Royalties Wolters Kluwer and Springer. Honoraria for speaking at research method courses. SH declares funding to UOIT from Skoll Foundation, NCMIC Foundation through World Spine Care. Clinical Policy Advisory Board and stock holder, Palladian Health. Advisory Board, SpineHealth.com. Book Royalties, McGraw Hill. Travel expense reimbursement—CMCC Board. KR declares funding to UOIT from Skoll Foundation, NCMIC Foundation through World Spine Care. DKG declares travel expenses: CMCC to present at the WSC Spine Conference in Botswana. CDJ declares she is President of Brighthall Inc. RC declares funding from AHRQ to conduct systematic reviews on treatments for low back pain within last 2 years. Honoraria for speaking at numerous meetings of professional societies and non-profit groups on topics related to low back pain (no industry sponsored talks). EH declares he is a consultant for: RAND Corporation; EBSCO Information Services; Southern California University of Health Sciences; Western University of Health Sciences Data and Safety Monitoring Committee. Chair, Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research. Research Committee Co-chair, World Spine Care. PC is funded by a Canada Research Chair in Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, and declares funding to UOIT from Skoll Foundation, NCMIC Foundation through World Spine Care. Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada. Research Chair Ontario Ministry of Finance. Financial Services Commission of Ontario. Ontario Trillium Foundation, ELIB Mitac. Fond de Recherche and Sante du Quebec.

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Cedraschi, C., Nordin, M., Haldeman, S. et al. The Global Spine Care Initiative: a narrative review of psychological and social issues in back pain in low- and middle-income communities. Eur Spine J 27 (Suppl 6), 828–837 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5434-7

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