Abstract
Introduction
The main problems of navigation in liver surgery are organ movement and deformation. With a combination of direct optical and indirect electromagnetic tracking technology, visualisation and positional control of surgical instruments within three-dimensional ultrasound data and registration of organ movements can be realised simultaneously.
Methods
Surgical instruments for liver resection were localised with an infrared-based navigation system (Polaris®). Movements of the organ itself were registered using an electromagnetic navigation system (Aurora®). The combination of these two navigation techniques and a new surgical navigation procedure focussed on a circumscribed critical dissection area were applied for the first time in liver resections.
Results
This new technique was effectively implemented. The position of the surgical instrument was localised continuously. Repeated position control with observation of the navigation screen was not necessary. During surgical resection, a sonic warning signal was activated when the surgical instrument entered a “no touch” area—an area of reduced safety margin.
Conclusion
Optical tracking of surgical instruments and simultaneous electromagnetic registration of organ position is feasible in liver resection.
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Beller, S., Eulenstein, S., Lange, T. et al. Upgrade of an optical navigation system with a permanent electromagnetic position control. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16, 165–170 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-008-0040-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-008-0040-z