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Gut microbiota imbalance and chaperoning system malfunction are central to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and can be counteracted with specifically designed probiotics: a working hypothesis

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Abstract

In this work, we propose that for further studies of the physiopathology and treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases, an integral view of the conditions, including the triad of microbiota–heat shock proteins (HSPs)–probiotics, ought to be considered. Microbiota is the complex microbial flora that resides in the gut, affecting not only gut functions but also the health status of the whole body. Alteration in the microbiota’s composition has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions (e.g., ulcerative colitis, UC), involving both gut and extra-intestinal tissues and organs. Some of these pathologies are also associated with an altered expression of HSPs (chaperones) and this is the reason why they may be considered chaperonopathies. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms able to restore the correct, healthy equilibrium of microbiota composition, can ameliorate symptoms in patients suffering from UC and modulate expression levels of HSPs. However, currently probiotic therapy follows ex-adiuvantibus criteria, i.e., treatments with beneficial effects but whose mechanism of action is unknown, which should be changed so the probiotics needed in each case are predetermined on the basis of the patient’s microbiota. Consequently, efforts are necessary to develop diagnostic tools for elucidating levels and distribution of HSPs and the microbiota composition (microbiota fingerprint) of each subject and, thus, guide specific probiotic therapy, tailored to meet the needs of the patient. Microbiota fingerprinting ought to include molecular biology techniques for sequencing highly conserved DNA, e.g., genes encoding 16S RNA, for species identification and, in addition, quantification of each relevant microbe.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partly supported by IEMEST (FC, AJLM) and was carried out under the umbrella of the agreement between IEMEST and IMET signed March 26, 2012.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy

    Maurizio Bellavia, Giovanni Tomasello & Attilio I. Lo Monte

  2. Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy

    Maurizio Bellavia, Giovanni Tomasello, Claudia Campanella, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Francesca Rappa, Alberto J. L. Macario & Francesco Cappello

  3. Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Marcello Romeo, Claudia Campanella, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Francesca Rappa, Giovanni Zummo & Francesco Cappello

  4. Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Provvidenza Damiani

  5. PhD School in Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Attilio I. Lo Monte

  6. Center for Studies on Pharmacology and Biophysics of Nutrition, Burago di Molgora, Italy

    Luciano Lozio

  7. Institute “Paolo Sotgiu” for Research in Quantitative and Quantum Psychiatry and Cardiology, LUdeS University, Lugano, Switzerland

    Massimo Cocchi & Francesco Cappello

  8. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Everly Conway de Macario & Alberto J. L. Macario

  9. IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Everly Conway de Macario & Alberto J. L. Macario

Authors
  1. Maurizio Bellavia
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  2. Giovanni Tomasello
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  3. Marcello Romeo
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  4. Provvidenza Damiani
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  5. Attilio I. Lo Monte
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  6. Luciano Lozio
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  7. Claudia Campanella
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  8. Antonella Marino Gammazza
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  9. Francesca Rappa
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  10. Giovanni Zummo
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  11. Massimo Cocchi
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  12. Everly Conway de Macario
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  13. Alberto J. L. Macario
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  14. Francesco Cappello
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maurizio Bellavia.

Additional information

Maurizio Bellavia and Giovanni Tomasello contributed equally to this work.

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Bellavia, M., Tomasello, G., Romeo, M. et al. Gut microbiota imbalance and chaperoning system malfunction are central to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and can be counteracted with specifically designed probiotics: a working hypothesis. Med Microbiol Immunol 202, 393–406 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-013-0305-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-013-0305-2

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