References
Ashford MW, Liu W, Lin SJ, Abraszewski P, Caruthers SD, Connolly AM, Yu X, Wickline SA (2005) Occult cardiac contractile dysfunction in dystrophindeficient children revealed by cardiac magnetic resonance strain imaging. Circulation 112:2462–2467
Bastianutto C, Bestard JA, Lahnakoski K, Broere D, De Visser M, Zaccolo M, Pozzan T, Ferlini A, Muntoni F, Patarnello T, Klamut HJ (2001) Dystrophin muscle enhancer 1 is implicated in the activation of non-muscle isoforms in the skeletal muscle of patients with Xlinked dilated cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 10:2627–2635
Bushby K, Bourke J, Bullock R, Eagle M, Gibson M, Quinby J (2005) The multidisciplinary management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Current Paediatrics 15:292–300
Groh WJ, Zipes DP (2005) Neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In: Braunwald E (ed) Heart diseases, 7th edition. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 2145–2160
Hoogerwaard EM, van der Wouw PA, Wilde AAM, Bakker E, Ippel PF, Oosterwijk JC, Majoor-Krakauer DF, van Essen AJ, Leschot NJ, de Visser M (1999) Cardiac involvement in carriers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 9:347–351
Hoshino S, Ohkoshi N, Watanabe M, Shoji S (2000) Immunohistochemical staining of dystrophin on formalinfixed paraffin-embedded sections in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy and manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 10:425–429
Kinali M, Robinson R, Sagi L, Nihoyannopoulos P, Manzur A, Muntoni F (2007) The role of ACE inhibitor therapy in presymptomatic cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 17:816
Kirchmann C, Kececioglu D, Korinthenberg R, Dittrich S (2005) Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne and Becker-Kiener muscular dystrophies. Pediatr Cardiol 26:66–72
Mavrogeni S, Tzelepis GE, Athanasopoulos G, Maounis T, Douskou M, Papavasiliou A, Cokkinos DV (2005) Cardiac and sternocleidomastoid muscle involvement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chest 127:143–148
Mc Nelly EM (2007) New approaches in the therapy of cardiomyopathy in muscular dystrophy. Ann Rev Med 58:75–88
Schade van Westrum SM, Dekker L, Endert E, de Haan RJ, Wilde AAM, de Visser M, van der Kooi AJ (2006) NTproBNP is not associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophies. Neuromuscul Disord 16:698–669
Silva MC, Meira ZM, Gurgel Giannetti J, da Silva MM, Campos AF, Barbosa Mde M, Starling Filho GM, Ferreira Rde A, Zatz M, Rochitte CE (2007) Myocardial delayed enhancement by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with muscular dystrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:1874–1879
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barison, A., Aquaro, G.D., Passino, C. et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and management of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy manifesting carrier. J Neurol 256, 283–284 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-0055-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-0055-7