Skip to main content
Log in

Character animation creation using hand-drawn sketches

  • original article
  • Published:
The Visual Computer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To create a character animation, a 3D character model is often needed. However, since humanlike characters are not rigid bodies, to deform the character model to fit each animation frame is tedious work. Therefore, we propose an easy-to-use method for creating a set of consistent 3D character models from some hand-drawn sketches while keeping the projected silhouettes and features of the created models consistent with the input sketches. Since the character models possess vertexwise correspondences, they can be used for frame-consistent texture mapping or for making character animations. In our system, the user only needs to annotate the correspondence of the features among the input-vector-based sketches; the remaining processes are all performed automatically.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alexa, M., Cohen-Or, D., Levin, D.: As-rigid-as-possible shape interpolation. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 157–164 (2000)

  2. Bregler, C., Hertzmann, A., Biermann, H.: Recovering non-rigid 3d shape from image streams. In: Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 2690–2696 (2000)

  3. Corrêa, W.T., Jensen, R.J., Thayer, C.E., Finkelstein, A.: Texture mapping for cel animation. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 435–446 (1998)

  4. Fekete, J.D., Bizouarn, É., Cournarie, É., Galas, T., Taillefer, F.: Tictactoon: A paperless system for professional 2-d animation. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 79–90 (1995)

  5. Freitag, L.A., Jones, M.T., Plassmann, P.E.: An efficient parallel algorithm for mesh smoothing. In: Proceedings of IMR, pp. 47–58 (1995)

  6. Igarashi, T., Matsuoka, S., Tanaka, H.: Teddy: A sketching interface for 3d freeform design. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 409–416 (1999)

  7. Kalnins, R.D., Davidson, P.L., Markosian, L., Finkelstein, A.: Coherent stylized silhouettes. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 856–861 (2003). (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kalnins, R.D., Markosian, L., Meier, B.J., Kowalski, M.A., Lee, J.C., Davidson, P.L., Webb, M., Hughes, J.F., Finkelstein, A.: Wysiwyg npr: Drawing strokes directly on 3d models. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 755–762 (2002). (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kanai, T., Suzuki, H., Kimura, F.: Metamorphosis of arbitrary triangular meshes. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 20(2), 62–75 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Karpenko, O., Hughes, J.F., Raskar, R.: Free-form sketching with variational implicit surfaces. Comput. Graph. Forum 21(3), 585–594 (2002). (Proceedings of Eurographics 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kraevoy, V., Sheffer, A., Gotsman, C.: Matchmaker: Constructing constrained texture maps. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 326–333 (2003). (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Li, Y., Gleicher, M., Xu, Y.Q., Shum, H.Y.: Stylizing motion with drawings. In: Proceedings of SCA, pp. 309–319 (2003)

  13. Martín, D., García, S., Torres, J.C.: Observer dependent deformations in illustration. In: Proceedings of NPAR, pp. 75–82 (2000)

  14. Michikawa, T., Kanai, T., Fujita, M., Chiyokura, H.: Multiresolution interpolation meshes. In: Proceedings of PG, pp. 60–69 (2001)

  15. Northrup, J.D., Markosian, L.: Artistic silhouettes: A hybrid approach. In: Proceedings of NPAR, pp. 31–38 (2000)

  16. Ono, Y., Chen, B.Y., Nishita, T.: 3d character model creation from cel animation. In: Proceedings of CyberWorlds, pp. 210–215 (2004)

  17. Petrović, L., Fujito, B., Williams, L., Finkelstein, A.: Shadows for cel animation. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 511–516 (2000)

  18. Rademacher, P.: View-dependent geometry. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 439–446 (1999)

  19. Singh, K., Fiume, E.L.: Wires: A geometric deformation technique. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 405–414 (1998)

  20. Taubin, G.: Curve and surface smoothing without shrinkage. In: Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 852–857 (1995)

  21. Torresani, L., Hertzmann, A., Bregler, C.: Learning non-rigid 3d shape from 2d motion. In: Proceedings of NIPS, pp. 577–580 (2003)

  22. Winnemöller, H., Bangay, S.: Geometric approximations towards free specular comic shading. Comput. Graph. Forum 21(3), 309–316 (2002). (Proceedings of Eurographics 2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bing-Yu Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, BY., Ono, Y. & Nishita, T. Character animation creation using hand-drawn sketches. Visual Comput 21, 551–558 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-005-0333-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-005-0333-z

Keywords

Navigation