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Stripping chronopotentiometric measurements of lead(II) and cadmium(II) in soils extracts and wastewaters using a bismuth film screen-printed electrode assembly

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Abstract

The key to remediative processes is the ability to measure toxic contaminants on-site using simple and cheap sensing devices, which are field-portable and can facilitate more rapid decision-making. A three-electrode configuration system has been fabricated using low-cost screen-printing (thick-film) technology and this coupled with a portable electrochemical instrument has provided a a relatively inexpensive on-site detector for trace levels of toxic metals. The carbon surface of the screen-printed working electrode is used as a substrate for in situ deposition of a metallic film of bismuth, which allows the electrochemical preconcentration of metal ions. Lead and cadmium were simultaneously detected using stripping chronopotentiometry at the bismuth film electrode. Detection limits of 8 and 10 ppb were obtained for cadmium(II) and lead(II), respectively, for a deposition time of 120 s. The developed method was applied to the determination of lead and cadmium in soils extracts and wastewaters obtained from polluted sites. For comparison purposes, a mercury film electrode and ICP-MS were also used for validation.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support by the European Union (DIMDESMOTOM project: EVK1-CT-1999-00002) is acknowledged. The authors thank Professor Manuel Valiente and Gustavo Perez (Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain) for supplying the samples and the ICP-MS analysis results data for verification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, UK

    Rashid O. Kadara & Ibtisam E. Tothill

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  1. Rashid O. Kadara
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  2. Ibtisam E. Tothill
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Correspondence to Rashid O. Kadara.

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Kadara, R.O., Tothill, I.E. Stripping chronopotentiometric measurements of lead(II) and cadmium(II) in soils extracts and wastewaters using a bismuth film screen-printed electrode assembly. Anal Bioanal Chem 378, 770–775 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2351-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2351-x

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