Capability of diatomaceous earth to preconcentrate and store Pb and Cr: on-line determination by FI-FAAS

Abstract

The diatomaceous earth (DE) has an important ability to retain metals such as Cd, Cr, Mn and Pb, which can be used for their stabilization in the environment and for analytical purposes. In this paper a fast on-line preconcentration method for the determination of Cr and Pb in waters by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry is described. Preconcentration was based on the retention of Cr and Pb on a DE immobilized in silica gel at pH 3.0 and subsequent elution with 200 µL of 3 mol L^–1 HCl. The preconcentration factors were 100 and 150 for Pb and Cr respectively, for 16 mL water sample volume. The detection limits under these conditions were 3 ng mL^–1 and 1 ng mL^–1 for Pb and Cr, respectively. The stability of Cr and Pb retained on silica gel-DE columns was established. Silica gel-DE microcolumns with the retained analytes were stored for 2 months at two different temperatures: 4°C and room temperature. At regular time intervals, both metals were eluted and quantified. The results showed the potential of the procedure for sampling and storing water samples for subsequent metal determination, avoiding the problems associated with maintaining species integrity in aqueous solution, and the possibility to of decontaminating polluted spaces.