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The chemistry of carbon fiber formation from polyacrylonitrile

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Industrial Developments

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 51))

Abstract

The present status of knowledge with regard to the chemical reactions and physicochemical processes, taking place during the transformation of a PAN based precursor fiber to carbon fiber, is discussed.

A large number of precursor fibers has been screened under arbitrarily chosen standard conditions of spinning, stabilization and carbonization. Included are fibers from binary copolymers, terpolymers and blends, as well as fibers containing a variety of additives.

The particular case of the AN/VBr precursor, which permits stabilization in 15–20 minutes, giving carbon fibers with excellent properties (sonic modulus close to 300 GN/m2 tensile strength close to 3000 MN/m2) is described in more detail. Chemical and physicochemical reasons for the particular situation of this precursor are discussed.

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Abbreviations

AAM:

Acrylamide

AN:

Acrylonitrile

i-BuMA:

iso-Butylmethacrylate

DMAA:

Dimethylacetamide

DTA:

Differential thermal analysis

ES :

Sonic Modulus

EVE:

Ethylvinylether

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

HEMA:

Hydroxyethylmethacrylate

IA:

Itaconic acid

kB :

Melting point depression constant

M:

Monomer

MA:

Methyl acrylate

MAN:

Methacrylonitrile

α-MSty:

α-Methylstyrene

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

NMAA:

N-methylolacrylamide

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

Sty:

Styrene

Tg :

Glass transition temperature

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

Tm :

Melting point

VA:

Vinyl acetate

VBr:

Vinyl bromide

VCl:

Vinyl chloride

VCl2 :

Vinylidene chloride

ηsp :

Specific viscosity

ϱ:

Density

σ:

Tensile strength

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Author notes

  1. G. Henrici-Olivé & S. Olivé

    Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Monsanto Textiles Company, 32575, Pensacola, Florida, USA

    G. Henrici-Olivé & S. Olivé

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  1. G. Henrici-Olivé
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  2. S. Olivé
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© 1983 Springer-Verlag

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Henrici-Olivé, G., Olivé, S. (1983). The chemistry of carbon fiber formation from polyacrylonitrile. In: Industrial Developments. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0017584

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0017584

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-12189-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39555-3

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