Skip to main content
Log in

Homicide Among Young Black Men in Toronto: An Unrecognized Public Health Crisis?

  • Commentary
  • Published:
Canadian Journal of Public Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This commentary addresses the high homicide rates among young Black men in Toronto, Ontario. It posits that homicide among this population is an unrecognized major public health crisis that should be a priority for the field. The author suggests that the dramatic rate of Black homicides in Toronto is a consequence of income inequality, poverty, poor quality of life, mental health risks, and sustained racism. The commentary calls upon public health scientists to prioritize research about violence and homicide among young Black men in Toronto. It suggests that current and future policy making would be better served by their enquiries into the nature and causes of the persisting dilemma.

Résumé

Notre commentaire porte sur les taux élevés d’homicides chez les jeunes hommes noirs à Toronto (Ontario). Nous posons que les homicides dans cette population sont une crise de santé publique majeure non reconnue qui devrait être abordée en priorité. Nous pensons que le taux vertigineux d’homicide dans la population noire de Toronto est la conséquence de l’inégalité des revenus, de la pauvreté, de la mauvaise qualité de vie, des risques pour la santé mentale et du racisme qui perdure. Nous invitons les scientifiques en santé publique à accorder la priorité à la recherche sur la violence et les homicides chez les jeunes hommes noirs à Toronto. La formulation des politiques actuelles et futures serait mieux servie par des enquêtes sur la nature et les causes de ce dilemme persistant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC). Youth Gangs in Canada: What Do We Know? An Overview of Programs and Services. Ottawa, ON: NCPC, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bania M. Gang violence among youth and young adults: (Dis) Affiliation and the potential for prevention. IPC Review 2009;3:89–116.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Galabuzi G. Diversity on the mean streets of Toronto. Canada Watch 2009;Fall:38-40. Available at: http://robarts.info.yorku.ca/files/2012/03/CW_2009_Multiculturalism.pdf (Accessed November 2, 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Police-reported crime statistics in Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2011. Available at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2012001/article/11692-eng.htm (Accessed November 2, 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gartner R, Thompson S. Trends in homicide in Toronto. In: Research Community Safety. Toronto, ON: Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto Press, 2004;28–39.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wortley S, Tanner J. Data, denials, and confusion. The racial profiling debate in Toronto. Can J Criminol Criminal Justice 2003;45(3):367–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. McMurtry R, Curling A. The Review of the Roots of Youth Violence. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2008. Available at: http://www.rootsofyouthviolence.on.ca (Accessed November 3, 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Van Dorn R, Volavka J, Johnson N. Mental disorder and violence: Is there a relationship beyond substance use? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012;47:487–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Shihadeh ES, Flynn N. Segregation and crime: The effect of Black social isolation on the rates of Black urban violence. Social Forces 1996;74(4):1325–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Baron S, Hartnagel F. Attributions, affect and doing crime: Street youths’ reaction to unemployment. Criminology 1997;35:610–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ornstein M. Ethno-Racial Groups in Toronto 1971-2001: A Demographic and Social Profile. Toronto: Institute for Social Service Research, 2006;78. Available at: www.isr.yorku.ca/download/Ornstein—Ethno-Racial_Groups_in_Toronto_1971-2001.pdf (Accessed July 12, 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Torczyner J. The Shaping of Toronto’s Black Identity: A Demographic Analysis of the Black Community in Toronto and Regions. Montreal, QC: McGill Consortium for Ethnicity and Strategic Social Planning, 2003;32.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Murdie R. Social polarization and public housing in Canada: A case study of the Metropolitan Toronto Housing Authority. In: Frisken F (Ed.), The Changing Canadian Metropolis: A Public Policy Perspective, Volume One. Toronto: Institute of Governmental Studies Press, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Infantry A. Sounding Black in a White Body is a Prerequisite for Discrimination in Toronto. 1999 Toronto Star. Available at: www.oocities.org/capital-hill/6174/audis.html (Accessed July 10, 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wortley S. The usual suspect: Race, police stops and perceptions of criminal injustice. Paper presented at the 48th Annual Conference of the American Society of Criminology, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Commission on Systemic Racism. Report of the Commission on Systemic Racism in the Ontario Criminal Justice System. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics Justice Series. Child and Youth Victims of Police-reported Violent Crime, No. 23. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2010. Available at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca (Accessed July 20, 2012).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Williams K, Rivera L, Neighbours R, Reznik V. Youth violence prevention comes of age: Research, training and future directions. Annu Rev Public Health 2007;28:195–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Feder G, Davies A, Baird K, Dunne D, Eldridge S, Griffiths C, et al. Identification and Referral to Improve Safety (IRIS) of women experiencing domestic violence with a primary care training and support programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;378(10):1788–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Borowsky IW, Mozayeny S, Stuenkel K, Ireland M. Effects of a primary care-based intervention on violent behavior and injury in children. Pediatrics 2004;114(4):e392–e399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akwatu A. Khenti MA.

Additional information

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Khenti, A.A. Homicide Among Young Black Men in Toronto: An Unrecognized Public Health Crisis?. Can J Public Health 104, e12–e14 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405647

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405647

Key words

Mots clés

Navigation