Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Technological Characterization of Heavy Clay from the Caí River Valley in Brazil

  • Raw Materials Worldwide
  • Published:
Interceram - International Ceramic Review

Abstract

This study presents the chemical, mineralogical, mechanical, physical and thermal properties of a clay widely available for use by the ceramic industry in southern Brazil. Some of the most important characteristics of the clay were studied, including its chemical and mineralogical composition, particle size distribution, thermal behaviour and green and after firing properties. The material was a kaolinitic primary clay with low organic content and high amount of finely divided quartz and goethite. This work is part of an effort to make available useful technical data on raw materials affecting ceramic business costs and to promote sustainable exploitation of mineral resources and improved practices in the local heavy clay industry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zorzi, J.E., Echeverrigaray, S.G., Emiliano, J.V., Perottoni, C.A., Cruz, R.C.D.: Characterization of clay raw materials from the Vale do Rio Caí (RS, Brazil). Cerâmica 58 (2012) [348] 509–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Milani, E.J., Melo, J.H.G., Souza, P.A., Fernandes, L.A., França, A.B.: Bacia do Paraná. Bol. Geo. Petrobras 15 (2007) [2] 265–287

    Google Scholar 

  3. Leinz, V., Amaral, S.E.: Geologia Geral. São Paulo, Ed. Nacional (1978) 397

    Google Scholar 

  4. Salomão, R., Wakamatsu, M.H., Ferreira, E.B., Arantes, V.L.: Ceramics Education in Brazil. Interceram 60 (2011) [6] 352–360

    Google Scholar 

  5. Moore, D.M., Reynolds Jr., R.C.: X-Ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals. 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, NY (1997), ISBN-10: 0195087135

    Google Scholar 

  6. Pedron, F.A.: Morfologia e Classificação de Saprolitos e Neossolos Derivados de Rochas Vulcânicas no Rio Grande do Sul. PhD Thesis, UFSM, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Brazil (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Washington, H.S.: The calculation of the “rational analysis” of clays. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1 (1918) [6] 405–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Boakes, W.R.: Using your pc for reformulation. Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 16 (1995) [3] 9–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Garcia, J.M.P., Mothé Filho, H.F., Zuquete, L.V.: Study of soils by thermal analysis. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 93 (2008) [1] 253–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Grimshaw, R.W.: The chemistry and physics of clays and allied ceramic materials. Ed. Ernest Benn Limited. 4th Ed. London (1971), ISBN-10: 0471327808

  11. Celik, H.: Technological and industrial application of two Turkish clays for the ceramic industry. Appl. Clay Sci. 50 (2010) 245–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Walter, D., Buxbaum, G., Laqua, W.: The mechanism of thermal transformation from goethite to hematite. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 63 (2001) 733–748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Duval, D.J., Risbud, S.H., Shackelford, J.F.: Ceramic and glass materials. Structure, properties and processing. J.F. Shackelford, R.H. Doremus (Eds.). Springer, NY (2008), ISBN-10: 0387733612

    Google Scholar 

  14. Grim, R.E., Rowland, A.R.: Differential thermal analysis of clay minerals and other hydrous materials, Part 1. Mineralogical Society of America. http://www.mmsocam.org/ammin/AM27/AM27_746.pdf (2009)

  15. Schneider, H., Komarneni, S. (eds.): Mullite. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. Weinheim (2005), ISBN-10: 3527309748

    Google Scholar 

  16. Huertas, F.J., Fiore, S., Linares, J.: Thermal analysis as a tool for determining and defining spherical kaolinite. Clays Clay Miner. 45 (1997) [4] 587–590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Souza, G.P., Sanchez, R., Holanda, J.N.F.: Characteristics and physical-mechanical properties of fired kaolinitic materials. Cerâmica 48 (2002) [306] 102–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gaidizinski, R., Dualibi Filho, J., Tavares, L.M.: Influence of aging on the technological properties of clays in the ceramic industry. Appl. Clay Sci. 54 (2011) 47–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Michaelian, K.H.: The Raman spectrum of kaolinite #9 at 21°C. Can. J. Chem. 64 (1986) 285–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang, Y., Liu, Q., Xiang, J., Zhang, S., Frost, R.L.: Insight into morphology and structure of different particle sized kaolinites with same origin. J. Colloid Inter. Sci. 426 (2014) 99–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bender, W., Handle, F.: Brick and tile making — procedures and operating pratices in the heavy clay industries. Bauverlag GmbH (1982) 76, ISBN-10: 3762514852

  22. Abajo, M.F.: Manual Sobre Fabricación de Baldosas, Tejas Y Ladrillos, Beralmar, Spain (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Murray, H.H.: Applied clay mineralogy — occurrences, processing and application of kaolins, bentonites, palygorskite-sepiolite, and common clays, in: Haydn, H. Murray (Ed.), Developments in Clay Science 2 (2006) 1–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Franco, F., Pérez-Maqueda, L.A., Pérez-Rodríguez, J.L.: The effect of ultrasound on the particle size and structural disorder of a well-ordered kaolinite. J. Colloid Inter. Sci. 274 (2004) 107–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Santos, P. S.: Ciência e Tecnologia de Argilas, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Ed.: Edgar Blucher, São Paulo, SP (1989) 83

  26. Alizadeh, P., Yekta, B.E., Gervei, A.: Effect of Fe2O3 addition on the sinterability and machinability glass-ceramic in the system MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 (2004) [13] 3529–3533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Souza, G.P., Sousa, J.G., Terrones, L.A.H., Holanda, J.N.F.: Mineralogical analysis of Brazilian ceramic sedimentary clays used in red ceramic. Cerâmica 51 (2005) [320] 381–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Materiais Cerâmicos, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, 95765-000, Bom Princípio, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil

    R. C. D. Cruz, C. A. Perottoni, J. E. Zorzi & J. V. Emiliano

Authors
  1. R. C. D. Cruz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. A. Perottoni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. E. Zorzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. V. Emiliano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. C. D. Cruz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cruz, R.C.D., Perottoni, C.A., Zorzi, J.E. et al. Technological Characterization of Heavy Clay from the Caí River Valley in Brazil. Interceram. - Int. Ceram. Rev. 64, 14–19 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401095

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401095

Keywords

Search

Navigation