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The performance of potassium phosphite for controlling Alternaria brown spot of citrus fruit

Das Potenzial von Kaliumphosphit bei der Bekämpfung der Alternaria-Braunfleckenkrankheit der Zitrusfrüchte

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Abstract

Potassium phosphite (Canon®) was evaluated as a means to control Alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata pv. citri, which inflicts severe damage on susceptible citrus cultivars worldwide. Canon®, at concentrations up to 400 gMg/ml, did not inhibit germination of conidia of A. alternata pv. citri, but it did inhibit mycelium growth, slightly at 3.12 gMg/ml and completely at 50 gMg/ml. These concentrations are much higher than those of Sygnum® that gave comparable inhibition. Foliar protection assays revealed that prophylactic spray with Canon® decreased lesion development on leaves, even though it had a negligible effect on spore germination and subsequent mycelium development. Laboratory inoculation assays revealed that fruits and leaves collected after treatment with Canon® were often unprotected, whereas recommended fungicides were effective. In eight experiments conducted in 2001 to 2003 in groves of Minneola or Nova (Yanuv) tangelos and murcott, the effects of fungicides were evaluated according to the number of lesions per fruit. In all the experiments, Canon® significantly increased the proportion of export quality class I fruits (up to five small lesions per fruit), compared with untreated controls, and its performance did not differ from that of the commercial treatment with recommended fungicides on alternating schedules. The proportion of exportable fruits was often 50–100% greater than that in the untreated control. Moreover, the proportion of severely infected fruits (category 3 infections) was sometimes more than 10 times as high in the control than in the Canon® treatment.

Zusammenfassung

Kaliumphosphit (Präparat Canon®) wurde im Hinblick auf sein Potenzial zur Bekämpfung der Alternaria-Braunfleckenkrankheit untersucht, die durch Alternaria alternata pv. citri ausgelöst wird und weltweit bedeutende Fruchtschäden an anfälligen Zitrussorten verursacht. Canon® beeinträchtigte in Konzentrationen von bis zu 400 gMg/ml zwar nicht die Koni-dienkeimung von A. alternata pv. citri, aber das Myzelwachstum mäßig bei 3,12 gMg/ml und vollständig bei 50 gMg/ml. Diese Konzentrationen sind bedeutend höher als diejenigen, bei denen Sygnum® vergleichbare Wirkungen zeigte. Trotz seiner zu vernachlässigenden Wirkung auf die Soprenkei-mung und das Myzelwachstum verminderte Canon® die Entwicklung von Blattläsionen. Laboruntersuchungen ergaben, dass nach einer Canon®-Behandlung gesammelte Früchte und Blätter häufig ungeschützt waren, während die empfohlenen Fungizide wirkten. In acht von 2001 bis 2003 durchgeführten Experimenten in Minneola- oder Nova- (Yanuv)-Tangelo-(eine Kreuzung zwischen Tangerine und Pampelmuse) und Honigtangerinen-Plantagen wurde die Wirkung von Fungiziden anhand der Anzahl der Fruchtläsionen untersucht. In allen Experimenten erhöhte Canon® den Anteil von Früchten der Exportklasse 1 mit höchstens fünf kleinen Läsionen pro Frucht erheblich gegenüber der unbehandelten Kontrolle (häufig 50–100% höher) und vergleichbar den konventionellen Behandlungen mit empfohlenen, im Wechsel eingesetzten Fungiziden. Darüber hinaus war der Anteil nicht vermarktungsfähiger Früchte der Schädigungskategorie 3 in der Kontrolle teilweise mehr als zehnmal so hoch wie nach einer Canon®-Behandlung.

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Yogev, E., Sadowsky, A., Solel, Z. et al. The performance of potassium phosphite for controlling Alternaria brown spot of citrus fruit. J Plant Dis Prot 113, 207–213 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356182

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