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Induction of systemic resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by salicylic acid in Oryza sativa (L.)

Induktion einer systemischen Resistenz gegen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae durch Salicylsäure in Oryza sativa (L.)

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Abstract

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) is hypothesized to be a natural signal that triggers the systemic induction of phenolics, pathogenesis-related proteins and disease resistance in rice against the bacterial leaf blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Rice plants pretreated with 1000 μmol/l Sa showed resistance to challenge inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the effectiveness persisted in the susceptible cv. ‘Ir 50’ for at least 3 days prior to inoculation with Xoo. To investigate the role of SA in rice disease resistance, we examined the endogenous levels of SA in the Sa-pretreated rice plants with Xoo inoculation. A three-fold increase in the endogenous Sa levels was observed in the rice tissues pretreated with 1000 μmol/l Sa and the resistance persisted for at least 3 days after Sa treatment prior to inoculation with Xoo. Increasing the endogenous level of Sa in rice leaves to those naturally observed during systemic acquired resistance resulted in increased resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, expressed as a reduction in leaf blight lesion length. Immunoblot analysis revealed an induction of a 25 kDa protein cross-reacting with rice thaumatin-like protein (TLP) antiserum in response to Sa-pretreated and Sa non-pretreated rice plants followed by pathogen inoculation. A significant increase in the induction of Tlps 3 days after Xoo inoculation in the tissues pretreated with Sa was observed when compared with the 2 days and 1 day after Xoo inoculation in SA-treated plants. Increased phenolics content and enhanced activities of some pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, viz., TLP, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were observed in rice plants treated with SA. Based on these experiments, it was investigated that the defense responses are induced locally at the infection site only after pathogen attack and are augumented when the rice tissue has been pretreated with Sa. These data further support the hypothesis that the defense responses in rice can be rapidly triggered and induced in a genetically susceptible cultivar after treatment with SA.

Zusammenfassung

Salicylsäure (SA) soll ein natürliches Signal sein, das die systemische Induktion von phenolischen Verbindungen, Pr-Proteinen und Krankheitsresistenz in Reis gegen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), dem Erreger der Blattbräune, auslöst. Reispflanzen, die mit 1000 μmol/l SA vorbehandelt worden waren, zeigten Resistenz nach Inokulation mit X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Die Wirkung hielt in der anfälligen Sorte ‘Ir 50’ wenigstens 3 Tage vor der Inokulation mit Xoo an. Um die Rolle von Sa in der Krankheitsresistenz zu untersuchen, wurde der endogene Gehalt an Sa in den Geweben der mit Sa vorbehandelten Pflanzen nach Inokulation mit Xoo bestimmt. Eine dreifache Zunahme des endogenen Sa-Gehaltes in den mit 1000 μmol/l behandelten Reispflanzen wurde nachgewiesen. Die Resistenz dauerte wenigstens 3 Tage lang an vor Inokulation mit Xoo. Eine Erhöhung des endogenen Sagehaltes auf den unter natürlichen Bedingungen in Reisblättern beobachteten Gehalt während der systemisch induzierten Resistenz führte zu einer erhöhten Resistenz gegen X. oryzae pv. oryzae, gemessen an der Reduktion der Länge der Blattflecken. Durch Immunoblot-Analyse konnte die Induktion eines 25-kDa Proteins nachgewiesen warden, welches mit dem Thaumatin-ähnlichen rotein (TLP)- Antiserum von Reis kreuzreagierte als Reaktion auf Reispflanzen, die mit Sa vorbehandelt oder unbehandelt waren mit nachfolgender Xoo-Inokulation. Ein signifikanter Anstieg der Induktion von Tlps 3 Tage nach Inokulation mit Xoo in den mit SA vorbehandelten Geweben konnte im Vergleich zu den 2 Tage oder 1 Tag später inokulierten Pflanzen nachgewiesen warden. Erhöhte Gehalte an phenolischen Verbindungen und vermehrte Aktivitäten einiger PR-Proteine, nämlich Tlp, Chitinase und β-1,3-Glucanase wurden nach Behandlung von Reispflanzen mit Sa festgestellt. Auf der Basis dieser Ergebnisse kann gesagt werden, dass die Abwehrreaktionen lokal am Ort der Infektion nur nach Angriff des Pathogens induziert warden und dass sie verstärkt warden, wenn das Reisgewebe mit Sa vorbehandelt wird. Die Hypothese, dass Abwehrreaktionen in genetisch anfälligen Reissorten durch Behandlung mit Sa schnell ausgelöst und induziert warden können, wird durch die vorliegenden Daten unterstützt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada, L5l 1C6

    R. Mohan Babu

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India

    A. Sajeena, A. Vijaya Samundeeswari, P. Vidhyasekaran & K. Seetharaman

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada

    A. Sreedhar

  4. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    M. S. Reddy

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Mohan Babu, R., Sajeena, A., Vijaya Samundeeswari, A. et al. Induction of systemic resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by salicylic acid in Oryza sativa (L.). J Plant Dis Prot 110, 419–431 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356119

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