Abstract
The characteristic affects such as anger, fear, loneliness, desire, love and playful joy make emotions so important in our lives, and perhaps the lives of many other animals. Still, affect is such a slippery brain process, more easily discussed from first than third person perspectives, that there is little agreement on how to create a solid science of affective experience. Science is much better positioned to study objective entities of the world as opposed to subjective entities of the brain. Only because of advances in brain research, as highlighted in this issue, is progress finally being made on that slippery topic. (Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 64, 128-131.)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barrett, L. F. (2006). Are emotions natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 28-58.
Barrett, L. F., Lindquist, K. A., Bliss-Moreau, E., Duncan, S., Gendron, M., Mize, J., & Brennan, L. (2007). Of mice and men: Natural kinds of emotions in the mammalian brain? A response to Panksepp & Izard. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 297-312.
Denton, D. (2006). The primordial emotions: the dawning of consciousness. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ekman, P. & Davidson, R. D. (editors). (1994). The nature of emotion: fundamental questions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Izard, C.E. (2007). Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 260-80.
LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The Emotional Brain, New York: Simon & Schuster.
Liotti, M. & Panksepp, J. (2004). On the neural nature of human emotions and implications for biological psychiatry. In Panksepp J (editor) Textbook of Biological Psychiatry, (pp. 33-74). Wiley, New York.
Merker, B. (2007). Consciousness without a cerebral cortex: A challenge for neuroscience and medicine. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 63-134.
Ortony, A., & Turner, T. J. (1990). What's basic about basic emotions? Psychological Review, 97, 315-331.
Panksepp, J. (1992). A critical role for ‘affective neuroscience’ in resolving what is basic about basic emotions. Psychological Review, 99, 554-560.
Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Panksepp, J. (ed.) (2004). Textbook of Biological Psychiatry. Wiley: New York.
Panksepp, J. (2007a). The neuroevolutionary and neuroaffective psychobiology of the prosocial brain. In R. I. M. Dunbar and L. Barrett (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (pp. 145-162) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Panksepp, J. (2007b). Neurologizing the psychology of affects: How appraisal-based constructivism and basic emotion theory can coexist. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 281-296.
Panksepp, J. (2007c). Affective consciousness. In M. Velmans & S. Schneider (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness (pp. 114-130). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Press.
Panksepp, J. (2008a). Cognitive Conceptualism–Where have all the affects gone? Additional corrections for Barrett et al. (2007). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 305-308.
Panksepp, J. (2008b). The affective brain and core-consciousness: How does neural activity generate emotional feelings? In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland, & Barrett, L. F. (Editors.) Handbook of Emotions (in press), New York: Guilford.
Panksepp, J., Normansell, L. A., Cox, J. K. F. & Siviy, S. (1994). Effects of neonatal decortication on the social play of juvenile rats. Physiology & Behavior, 56, 429-443.
Shewmon, D. A., Holmse, D. A., & Byrne, P. A. (1999). Consciousness in congenitally decorticate children: developmental vegetative state as self-fulfilling prophecy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41, 364-374.
Sur, M. & Rubenstein, J. L. (2005). Patterning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Science, 310, 805-810.
Watt, D. F. & Pincus, D. I. (2004). Neural substrates of consciousness: Implications for clinical psychiatry. In Panksepp J (Ed.), Textbook of Biological Psychiatry (pp. 627-660). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Submitted 8 August 2008; revision received 12 August 2008.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Panksepp, J. Affective reflections and refractions within the BrainMind. NEJP 64, 128–131 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03076415
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03076415