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Nachweis humaner Papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA bei oraler Manifestation von Lichen planus

Demonstration of human papilloma virus DNA in oral lichen planus

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Zusammenfassung

Humane Papillomaviren (HPV) können mit Hilfe der Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) in verschiedenen Epithelien nachgewiesen werden. Die Rolle von HPV bei der Entstehung anogenitaler Karzinome ist umfangreich analysiert worden, und es ist eindeutig bewiesen, daß mehr als 90% aller Zervixkarzinome mit sog. High risk-HPV-Typen (z.B. HPV 16 oder 18) assoziiert sind. HPV-Infektionen können auch in oralen prämalignen Läsionen sowie in oralen Plattenepithelkarzinomen (PEC) nachgewiesen werden. In Abhängigkeit von der Sensitivität der Detektionsmethode wurden in der Literatur 40–67% der Leukoplakien, 2,5–76% der PEC und 0–87% der Fälle mit einem Lichen planus als HPV 16-oder 18-infiziert beschrieben. Die Wertigkeit bei oralem Lichen planus wird kontrovers diskutiert. Mit Hilfe der PCR und nachfolgender Hybridisierung gelang es uns in 42% (3/7) der Lichen planus-Fälle eine Infektion mit den High risk-HPV-Typen 16, 18 und 31 nachzuweisen. Weitere Untersuchungen an einer größeren Fallzahl, verbunden mit der Analyse der viralen Genexpression sowie der klinischen und histologischen Kontrolle der betroffenen Regionen, sind notwendig. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchungen besteht darin eine Aussage über den prognostischen Wert der HPV-Infektion für diese Erkrankung zu treffen.

Summary

Human papilloma viruses (HPV) can be detected in different epithelia with the help of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The role of HPV in the development of anogenital cancers has been intensively studied, and current evidence shows that most cervical cancers are associated with so-called high risk HPV types (e.g. HPV 16 and 18). HPV infections can also be demonstrated in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. Depending on the sensitivity of the detection method, 40–67% of leukoplakias, 2.5–76% of squamous cell carcinomas and 0–87% of cases of lichen planus were described to be infected with HPV 16 or 18. Whether lichen planus can be considered as a premalignant lesion is still controversial. By the use of PCR and hybridization we found infections with the high risk HPV types 16, 18 and 31 in 42% (3/7) of the patients with lichen planus. Further investigations with a higher number of cases in combination with the analysis of the viral gene expression as well as the clinical and histological control of the corresponding regions are necessary. The aim of these studies is to find out the prognostic value of the HPV infection for this facultative premalignant disease.

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Vesper, M., Riethdorf, S., Christoph, E. et al. Nachweis humaner Papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA bei oraler Manifestation von Lichen planus. Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 1, 146–149 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043534

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