Skip to main content
Log in

Sustainability and Meta-Stability of Health Care in Africa

Nachhaltigkeit und Metastabilität des Gesundheitswesens in Afrika. Das Beispiel des Krankenhauswesens der EvangelischLutherischen Kirche in Tansania

The Example of the Hospital Services of the Evang. Luth. Church in Tanzania

  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The term “sustainability” has become a keyword of development economics. A system is sustainable if it fulfills its function in the present without sacrificing the equal chances of the future. An analysis of the costs of Lutheran hospitals in Tanzania demonstrates that these institutions can only provide their services today because they use up their own structure. Maintenance and depreciation are not existing, and thus future patients will not find the same services as they are offered to the needy of today. In addition, the hospital-based services have become so inflexible that they cannot respond to major changes of the economic and social environment. This inflexibility is likely to make hospital services unsustainable. It is argued that the steady flow of donations has made hospital leadership almost independent from hospital clients so that they have given much more attention to the transfers from overseas than to their own original function of providing services to the needy.

Abstract

Das Fachwort „Nachhaltigkeit” avancierte zu einem neuen Paradigma der Entwicklungsökonomik. Ein System ist nachhaltig, wenn es seine Funktion in der Gegenwart erfullen kann, ohne die Zukunftschancen zu reduzieren. Eine Kostenanalyse der Krankenhäuser der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche in Tansania zeigt, dass diese Institutionen ihre Dienste heute nur anbieten können, weil sie ihre eigene Struktur konsumieren. Wartung und Abschreibungen existieren nicht, so dass zukünftige Patienten nicht die selbe Quantität und Qualität der Krankenhausleistungen erwarten können wie die heutige Generation. Zusätzlich wurden die Krankenhäuser so unflexibel, dass sie die groβen Veränderungen des wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Umsystems weder wahrnehmen noch daraufantworten können. Diese Unflexibilität verhindert eine dynamische Nachhaltigkeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit schlieβt, dass der stetige Spendenstrom aus Übersee die Führungskräfte der Krankenhäuser fast vollkommen unabhängig von der eigenen Basis, den Patienten, werden lieβ. Konsequenterweise beachten sie die Transfers aus Übersee mehr ais ihre eigene Funktion der Versorgung der Bedürftigen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literature

  • Anand, S./Sen, A. (1994). Sustainable Human Development: Concepts and Priorities. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies.

  • Barnum, H./Kutzin, K. (1993). Public Hospitals in developing countries. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bossert, J. J. (1990). Can they get along without us? Sustainability of donor-supported health projects in Central America and Africa. Soc Sci Med, 30(9), 1015–1023.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, L. E./Lassoie, L. P./Fernandes, E. C. M. (1999). Agroforestry in sustainable agricultural systems. Cornell (USA).

  • Bulongwa Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Bumbuli Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Bunda Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Caspers-Merk, M. (1997). KonzeptNachhaltigkeit. Fundamente für die Gesellschaft von morgen. Zwischenbericht der Enquete-Kommission ”Schutz des Menschen und der Umwelt“ des 13. Deutschen Bundestages. Bonn.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeFerranti, D. (1985). Paying for the health services in developing countries: an overview. World Bank Staff Working Paper 721, Washington DC.

  • Flessa, S. (1993). Occupancy and Fees — An empirical Study of Correlation. Consultancy Report, Moshi: Masoka Management Training Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flessa, S. (1997a). Costing of Health Services of the Evang. Luth. Church in Tanzania. Consultancy Report, Arusha: Evang. Luth. Church in Tanzania.

  • Flessa, S. (1997b). The costs of hospital services: a case study of Evangelical Lutheran Church hospitals in Tanzania. Health Policy and Planning, 13(4), 397–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonja Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Grundmann, C.H. (1992). Gesandt zu heilen. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halbwachs, H./Issakov, A. (1994). Essential equipment for district health facilities in developing countries. Eschborn: Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit, Division of Health, Population & Nutrition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harborth, H.-J. (1993). Sustainable Development — Dauerhafte Entwicklung. In: Nohlen, D./Nuscheler, F. Handbuch Dritte Welt. Band 1: Grundprobleme, Theorien, Strategien Bonn, S. 231–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haydom Hospital (1993-1995). Annual Reports.

  • Iambi Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Ilembula Hospital (1993-1995). Annual Reports.

  • Itete Hospital (1993-1995). Annual Reports.

  • Karatu Hospital (1993-1995). Annual Reports.

  • Koecher, D./Halbwachs, H./Schmitt, R. (1994). Maintenance for health systems. Eschborn: Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit, Division of Health, Population & Nutrition.

  • Koller, H. (1969). Simulation und Planspieltechnik: Berechnungsexperiemente in der Betriebswirtschaft. Wiesbaden.

  • Lachmann, W. (1997). Entwicklungspolitik. Band 2: Binnenwirtschaftliche Aspekte. Munchen, Wien: Oldenbourg.

  • Lenk, T./Bessau, D. (1997). Das Konzept des Sustainable Development. WISU 12/97, S. 1168-1173.

  • Lenk, T./Bessau, D. (1998). Umweltökonomische Indikatoren und Instrumente zur Umsetzung des Sustainable Development. WISU 2/98, S. 171-177.

  • Lugala Hospital (1993-1995). Annual Reports.

  • Maasai Health Services Project (1995). Annual Report.

  • Machame Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Marangu Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Mbiti, J.S. (1992). Introduction to African Religion. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbiti, J.S. (1994). African religions and philosophy. London: East African Educational Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGilvrary, J.C. (1981). The Quest for Health and Wholeness. Tübingen: German Institute for Medical Missions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mein, P./Jorgensen, T. (1988). Design of Medical Buildings, a manual for the planning and building of health care facilities under conditions of limited resources. Nairobi: African Medical & Research Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, A. (1990a). The economics of hospitals in developing countries. Part I: Expenditure Patterns. Health Policy and Planning, 5(2), 107–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, A. (1990b). The economics of hospitals in developing countries. Part II: Costs and Sources of Income. Health Policy and Planning, 5(3), 203–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndolage Hospital (1993-1995). Annual Reports.

  • Nuscheler, F. (1996). Lern- und Arbeitsbuch Entwicklungspolitik.Bonn.

  • Nyakahanga Hospital (1995). Annual Report.

  • Olsen, I.T. (1998). Sustainability of health care: a framework of analysis. Health Policy & Planning, 13(3), 287–295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radermacher, F.J. (1998). Konferenz ”Informationsgesellschaft und nachhaltige Entwicklung“. OR News, November 1998, S. 36-37.

  • Ritter, W. (1991). Allgemeine Wirtschaftsgeographie. Muenchen: Vahlen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifert, E.K. (1994). “Sustainability” aus bioökonomischer Sicht. Wirtschaftsethische Implikationen einer neuen entwicklungspolitischen Leitidee. In: Arnold, V.e.a. (Hrsg) Wirtschaftliche Perspektiven I: Theorie, Ordnungsfragen, Internationale Organisationen. Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selian Hospital (1993-1995). Annual Reports.

  • Smithson, P. (1994). Health financing and sustainability: a review and analysis of five country case studies. Working paper No. 10, Save the Children Fund (UK), London.

  • Stefanini, A. (1993). Sustainability of Health Care in Developing Countries — a selected annoteated bibliography. Padova, Italien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurston, D.H. (1997). Slash/Mulch Systems: Sustainable methods for tropical agriculture, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vornholz, G./Majer, H. (1994). Sustainable Development — Zur Konzeption einer ökologisch tragfahigen Entwicklung. WISU 7/94, S. 626-632.

  • Worldbank (1993). World Development Report. Washington: World Bank Publications.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fleßa, S. Sustainability and Meta-Stability of Health Care in Africa. Z. f. Gesundheitswiss. 9, 349–363 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02956505

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02956505

Keywords

Keywords

Navigation