Skip to main content
Log in

Hepatische Reaktionen bei erythropoetischer Protoporphyrie

Hepatic reactions in erythropoietic protoporphyria

  • Published:
Virchows Archiv B

Summary

The main hepatic change in erythropoietic protoporphyria is the deposition of protoporphyrin. Brown deposits of this pigment occur in bile canaliculi and ductules, discretely in hepatocytes, and secondarily in macrophages and Kupffer cells. The pigment is deposited in a crystalline form. Under the fluorescence microscope with a mercury maximum pressure burner (HO 50) at a wave length of 380–500 nm, it shows a typical red fluorescence even after paraffin embedding. Its crystalline structure results in a characteristic double refraction under the polarising microscope.

Light-microscopically, hepatocellular reactions are characterised mainly by discrete alterations in the ergastoplasm. However, cell damage is indicated by diffusely distributed, hyaline single cell necrosis and by cytolytic piecemeal necrosis at the peripheries of hepatic lobules. Numerous, often disturbed mitoses produce binuclear and multinuclear hepatocytes. The obligatory secretion of protoporphyrin into the bile ducts leads to an alteration in the canalicular and ductular excretion apparatus which involves distinct ductular proliferation and accompanying fibrosis. Piecemeal necrosis is a further consequence of this process. The resulting histological picture is similar to sclerosing cholangitis with which it also has in common the slowly progressive development of hepatic cirrhosis.

Zusammenfassung

Im Vordergrund der hepatischen Reaktion bei der erythropoetischen Protoporphyrie stehen braune Ablagerungen des Protoporphyrins in Canaliculi, Ductuli und -diskretim Leberepithel, sekundär auch in Makrophagen und besonders in den Sternzellen. Das Pigment wird in kristalliner Form abgelagert, es tritt lichtmikroskopisch als Tropfen und canaliculäre Ausgüsse in Erscheinung. Im Auflichtfluorescenzmikroskop mit Quecksilberhöchstdruckbrenner (HO 50) bei Lichtwellenlängen von 380–500 nm zeigt es noch nach Paraffinaufarbeitung typische Rotfluorescenz. Seine kristalline Struktur ist Ursache einer charakteristischen Doppelbrechung im Polarisationsmikroskop.

Hepatocelluläre Reaktionen äußern sich lichtmikroskopisch in meist diskreten Alterationen des Ergastoplasmas, besonders aber in diffus verteilten hyalinen Einzelzellnekrosen und läppchenperipheren Cytolysen nach Art der Mottenfraßnekrosen. Zahlreiche oft gestörte reparative Mitosen bedingen die Häufung doppel- und mehrkerniger Hepatocyten.

Die obligate Protoporphyrinausscheidung in die Gallenwege führt zur Alteration des canaliculären und duktulären Exkretionsapparates, die ausgeprägte Ductulusproliferation und begleitende Faservermehrung nach sich zieht. Auch die Mottenfraßnekrosen gehen darauf zurück. Das resultierende histologische Bild gemahnt an sklerosierende Cholangitiden, mit denen es auch die schleichende Entwicklung eines cirrhotischen Leberumbaus gemeinsam hat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  • Altmann HW (1979) Morphologie der alkoholbedingten Leberschäden. In: Kühn HA, Wernze H (eds) Klinische Hepatologie. G. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 6120–6132

    Google Scholar 

  • Altmann HW (1980) Drug-induced liver reactions: a morphological approach. Curr Top Pathol 69: 69–142

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avner DL, Lee RG und Berenson MM (1981) Protoporphyrin-induced Cholestasis in the isolated in situ perfused rat liver. J Clin Invest 67: 385–394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes HD, Hurwoth E, Millar JHD (1968) Erythropoietic porphyrin hepatitits. J Clin Pathol 21: 157–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloomer JR, Davidson DL, Klatskin G (1973) Birefringent pigment is a diagnostic lesion on protporphyria. Gastroenterology 65: A-5/529

    Google Scholar 

  • Cripps DJ, Scheuer PJ (1965) Hepatobiliary changes in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Arch Pathol 80: 500–508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cripps DJ, Hawgood RS, Magnus IA (1966) Iodine tungsten fluorescence microscopy for porphyrin fluorescence. Arch Dermatol 93: 129–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cripps DJ, MacEachern WN (1971) Hepatic and erythropoietic protoporphyria. Delta-amino-levulinic acid synthetase, fluorescence and microfluorospectrophotometric study. Arch Pathol 91: 497–505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Matteis F, Rimington C (1963) Disturbance of Porphyrin metabolism caused by Griseofulvin in mice. Br J Dermatol 75: 91–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson EM, McCall AJ, Maquis IA, Simpson JR, Caldwell RA, Hargraves T (1971) Erythropoietic protoporphyria: two deaths from hepatic cirrhosis. Br J Dermatol 84: 14–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granick S, Urata G (1963) Increase in activity of Delta-Amino-vulinic acid synthetase in liver mitochondria induced by feeding of 3,5 Dicarbobethoxy - 1,4 Dihydrocollidine. J Biol Chem 238: 821–827

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gschnait F, Konrad K, Hönigsmann A, Denk H, Wolff K (1975) Mouse model for protoporphyria. I. The liver and hepatic protoporphyrin crystals. J Invest Dermatol 65: 290–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haeger-Aronson B (1963) Erythropoietic protoporphyria, a new type of inborn error of metabolism. Am J Med 35: 450–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horigughi M, Ido K, Nogami W, Furusugi Y, Tanaka M, Yoshida Y, Saki H, Yamanaka T, Sakai H, Kimura K, Matsumoto S (1981) A case of erythropoietic protoporphyria with liver cirrhosis. Acta Hepatol Japan 22: 91–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Klatskin G, Bloomer JR (1974) Birefingence of hepatic pigment deposits in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Gastroenterology 67: 294–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinge O (1979) Morphologie toxischer und medikamentöser Leberschäden. In: Kühn HA, Wernze H (eds) Klinische Hepatologie. G. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 6150–6171

    Google Scholar 

  • Kniffen JC, Porter FS (1969) Intrahepatic porphyrastasis in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Clin Res 17: 26

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnus IA, Jarrett A, Prankerd TAJ, Rimington C (1961) Erythropoietic protoporphyria: a new porphyria syndrome with solar urticaria due to protoporphyrinaemia. Lancet II: 448–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnus IA, Roe DA, Bhutarsi LK (1969) Factors affecting the induction of porphyria in the laboratory rat. J Invest Dermatol 53: 400–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marver HS, Schmid R (1972) The porphyrias. In: Stanbury JB, Wyngaarden JB, Frederickson DS (eds) The metabolic basis of inherited disease, 3rd ed. McGraf-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakao K, Wado O, Takaku F, Sassa S, Yano Y, Urata G (1967) The origin of the increased protoporphyrin in erythrocytes of mice with experimentally induced porphyria. J Lab Clin Med 70: 923–932

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter FS, Lowe BA (1963) Congenital erythropoietic protoporphyria. Blood 2: 521–531

    Google Scholar 

  • Roe DA, Krook L, Wilkie DVM (1970) Hepatic porphyria in weenling pigs. J Invest Dermatol 54: 53–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt D, Stich W (1971) Erythropoietische Protoporphyrie mit Porphyrinurie: Untersuchungen zur Frage der Leberbeteiligung bei erythropoietischer Protoporphyrie. Blut 22: 202–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scholnick P, Marver HS, Schmid R (1969) Erythropoietic protoporphyria, a misnomer. Clin Res 17: 278

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholnick P, Marver HS, Schmid R (1971) Erythropoietic protoporphyria: evidence for multiple sites of excess protoporphyrin formation. J Clin Invest 50: 203–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott AJ, Ansford AJ, Webster BH, Stringer HCW (1973) Erythropoietic protoporphyria with features of a sideroblastic anaemia terminating in liver failure. Am J Med 54: 251–259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz S, Johnson JA, Stephenson BD, Anderson AS, Edmondson PR, Fusaro RM (1971) Erythropoietic defects in protoporphyria. J Lab Clin Med 78: 411–434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney GO, Bowdie EB, Saunders SJ, Eales L (1963) Erythropoietic protoporphyria. A brief report of the final South African case. S Afr J Lab Clin Med 9: 247

    Google Scholar 

  • Themann H, Bassewitz von DB (1969) Parakristalline Einschlußkörper der Mitochondrien des menschlichen Leberparenchyms. Elektronenmikroskopische und histochemische Untersuchungen. Cytobiology 1: 135–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson RPH, Molland EA, Nicholson DC, Gray CH (1973) Erythropoietic protoporphyria and cirrhosis in sisters. J Br Soc Gastroenterol 14: 934–938

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waldo ED, Tobias H (1973) Needle-like cytoplasma inclusions in the liver in porphyria cutanea tarda. Arch Pathol 96: 368–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weston-Hurst E, Paget GE (1963) Protoporphyria, cirrhosis and hepatome in the liver of mice given Griseofulvin. Br J Dermatol 75: 105–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff K, Wolff-Schreiner E, Gschnait, F (1975) Liver inclusions in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Eur J Clin Invest 5: 21–26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Herrn Prof. Dr. H.-W. Altmann zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Klinge, O., Alexandrakis, E. Hepatische Reaktionen bei erythropoetischer Protoporphyrie. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 37, 369–379 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02892585

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02892585

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation