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Agronomic and economic impact of missing and irregularly spaced potato plants

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Abstract

Missing and irregularly spaced potato plants compromise grower revenue. A recent survey of 70 commercial fields in Washington State, USA, indicated that in-row seedpiece and plant spacing was irregular due to multiple planter skips and clumped seedpieces. Seven percent (2950 missing plants ha−1) of the intended stand was missing: 6% from planter skips and 1% from nonviable seedpieces. To estimate economic loss to Washington potato growers, two potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, were grown in small-plot experiments designed to mimic spacing errors commonly found in Washington fields. Yield and economic values of uniform (optimum) spacing were compared to values coming from treatments that simulated planter skips/missing plants and seed clumps (doubles) in 2001 and 2002. The planter-skip treatments produced the lowest total, market, and U.S. No. 1 yields for both cultivars. In-row plants on both sides of a skip collectively compensated for 56% to 67% of the missing plant’s economic value. Plants in adjacent rows failed to compensate for their missing neighbor. Doubles reduced average tuber size for both cultivars compared with optimum spacing. Using processing market values, 2950 missing Russet Burbank plants ha−1 reduced seed-cost-adjusted gross income 2.9% or $205 ha−1. Doubles did not affect Russet Burbank processing value. Using fresh market values, 2950 missing and 1980 doubles ha−1 reduced Russet Norkotah adjusted gross income 4.4% or $250 ha−1. Improved planter technology and management efforts would likely improve plant spacing in commercial fields and in turn, grower revenue. Planter manufacturers and growers should consider this information when making management decisions.

Resumen

Los ingresos del productor se ven comprometidos debido a fallas en la siembra y espaciamiento irregular de las plantas de papa. Una reciente inspección de 70 campos comerciales en el Estado de Washington indica que la distribución de semilla y el espaciamiento en los surcos fue irregular, debido a omisiones múltiples durante la siembra y semilla sembrada en grupos. Faltó el 7% (2950 plantas menos ha−1) de la cantidad esperada: 6% por omisión de plantas y 1% por semilla no viable. Para estimar la pérdida económica de los productores de Washington, se sembraron experimentalmente dos cultivares de papa (Solanum tuberosum): ‘Russet Burbank’ y ‘Russet Norkotah’ en parcelas pequeñas diseñadas imitando los errores de espaciamiento comúnmente encontrados en los campos de Washington. En 2001 y 2002 se comparó el rendimiento y valor económico en un espaciamiento uniforme (óptimo) con valores provenientes de los tratamientos que simularon las omisiones/plantas faltantes y la semilla en grupos (dobles). Para ambos cultivares, los tratamientos con omisiones produjeron los rendimientos totales más bajos, comerciables y U.S. No. 1. Las plantas en las hileras a ambos lados de la omisión compensaron de 56% a 67% el valor económico de las plantas faltantes. Las plantas en hileras adyacentes no compensaron las pérdidas de las plantas vecinas. En ambos cultivares, el espaciamiento óptimo de las semillas dobles, redujo el promedio del tamaño del tubérculo. Utilizando los valores del mercado para procesamiento, las 2950 plantas ha−1 redujeron el ingreso bruto en 2.9% o $250 ha−1. La semilla doble no afectó el valor de procesamiento de Russet Burbank. Utilizando los valores de comercialización en fresco, las 2950 plantas faltantes y 1980 dobles ha−1 redujeron el ingreso bruto de Russet Norkotah en 4.4% o sea $ 250 ha−1. La tecnología mejorada del agricultor y de manejo probablemente mejoraría el espaciamiento de plantas en campos comerciales y como consecuencia los ingresos. Los agricultores industriales y productores deben considerar esta información al tomar decisiones de manejo.

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Correspondence to Mark J. Pavek.

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Pavek, M.J., Thornton, R.E. Agronomic and economic impact of missing and irregularly spaced potato plants. Am. J. Pot Res 83, 55–66 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02869610

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