Skip to main content
Log in

A new finite element model for welding heat sources

Metallurgical Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A mathematical model for weld heat sources based on a Gaussian distribution of power density in space is presented. In particular a double ellipsoidal geometry is proposed so that the size and shape of the heat source can be easily changed to model both the shallow penetration arc welding processes and the deeper penetration laser and electron beam processes. In addition, it has the versatility and flexibility to handle non-axisymmetric cases such as strip electrodes or dissimilar metal joining. Previous models assumed circular or spherical symmetry. The computations are performed with ASGARD, a nonlinear transient finite element (FEM) heat flow program developed for the thermal stress analysis of welds.* Computed temperature distributions for submerged arc welds in thick workpieces are compared to the measured values reported by Christensen1 and the FEM calculated values (surface heat source model) of Krutz and Segerlind.2 In addition the computed thermal history of deep penetration electron beam welds are compared to measured values reported by Chong.3 The agreement between the computed and measured values is shown to be excellent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. N. Christensen, L. de. V. Davies, and K. Gjermundsen:British Welding Journal, 1965, vol. 12, pp. 54–75.

    Google Scholar 

  2. G. W. Krutz and L. J. Segerlind:Welding Journal Research Supplement, 1978, vol. 57, pp. 211s-16s.

    Google Scholar 

  3. L. M. Chong:Predicting Weld Hardness, M. Eng. Thesis, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, 1982, pp. 56–57.

    Google Scholar 

  4. O. Westby:Temperature Distribution in the Workpiece by Welding, Department of Metallurgy and Metals Working, The Technical University, Trondheim, Norway, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  5. B. A. B. Andersson:Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Trans. ASME, 1978, vol. 100, pp. 356–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Z. Paley and P. D. Hibbert:Welding Journal Research Supplement, 1975, vol. 54, pp. 385s-92s.

    Google Scholar 

  7. E. Friedman:Journal Pressure Vessel Technology, Trans. ASME, 1975, vol. 97, pp. 206–13.

    Google Scholar 

  8. V. Pavelic, R. Tanbakuchi, O. A. Uyehara, and P. S. Myers:Welding Journal Research Supplement, 1969, vol. 48, pp. 295s-305s.

    Google Scholar 

  9. K. Masubuchi:Control of Distortion and Shrinkage in Welding, Welding Research Council Bulletin, New York, NY, 1970, no.169.

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Rosenthal:Trans. ASME, 1946, vol. 68, pp. 849–65.

    Google Scholar 

  11. P. S. Myers, O. A. Uyehara, and G. L. Borman:Fundamentals of Heat Flow in Welding, Welding Research Council Bulletin, New York, NY, 1967, no. 123.

    Google Scholar 

  12. E. Friedman:Welding Journal Research Supplement, 1978, vol. 57, pp. 161s-66s.

    Google Scholar 

  13. W.F. Hess, L. L. Merril, E. F. Nippes Jr., and A. P. Bunk:Welding Journal Research Supplement, 1943, vol. 23, pp. 377s-422s.

    Google Scholar 

  14. R. R. Rykalin:Energy Sources for Welding, Houdrement Lecture, International Institute of Welding, London, 1974, pp. 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  15. V. A. Vinokurov:Welding Stresses and Distortions, The British Library, Lending Division, Translated from Russian into English by J.E. Baker, 1977, pp. 118–19.

  16. The British Iron and Steel Research Association,Physical Constants of Some Commercial Steels at Elevated Temperatures, London Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1953.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Goldak, J., Chakravarti, A. & Bibby, M. A new finite element model for welding heat sources. Metall Trans B 15, 299–305 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667333

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667333

Keywords

Navigation