Abstract
Systematic annealing at temperatures between 1300 °C and 1380 °C was applied to sheets of INCOLOY MA-956, an oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS), mechanically alloyed, iron-base steel containing (in mass percent) 20.8Cr, 5.0A1, 0.5Y2O3, and 0.5Ti. The billets, comprised of hot isostatically pressed (“hipped”), mechanically alloyed powder, were hot- and cold-rolled to produce a 0.5-mm-thick sheet with a strong (100)«110» deformation texture. Light and transmission electron microscopy established that recrystallization initiated by nucleation at the sheet centerline. Initial rapid growth of the centerline-nucleated grains, designated stage I, resulted in plate-shaped grains oriented parallel to the rolling plane at the sheet centerline. Subsequent growth, designated stage II, was developed by planar growth fronts through the sheet thickness at a slower rate. The final product was a very coarse grain structure, sometimes with only a single grain through the sheet thickness. The recrystallization kinetics were typified by an incubation time, a temperature dependance characterized by an activation energy of 506 kJ/mole, and a decreasing rate of boundary migration with increasing time at temperature. The microstructural evolution is discussed in terms of the influences of deformation texture, residual stress, dislocation substructure, and oxide dispersion on the recrystallization process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H.S. Ubhi: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Leeds, Leeds, 1980.
S.L. Case and K..R. Van Horn:Alloys of Iron Research, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1953, pp. 297–333.
J.J. Fischer and R.M. Haeberle:Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1988, vols. 18–21, pp. 461–77.
H.D. Hedrich:New Materials by Mechanical Alloying Techniques, DGM Conf. Papers, Oct. 1988, E. Arzt and L. Schultz, eds., Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Metallkunde, Oberursel, Germany, 1989, pp. 217–30.
R.J. Hendricks:Frontiers of High Temperature Materials, Conf. Proc, May 18–21, 1981, John S. Benjamin, ed., IncoMAP, New York, NY, 1981, pp. 63–68.
J.J. Fischer, J.J. DeBarbadillo, and M.J. Shaw:Heat Treat., 1991, May, pp. 15–16.
E.F. Bradley:Superalloys: A Technical Guide, ASM INTERNATIONAL, Metals Park, OH, 1988.
C.T. Sims, N.S. Stoloff, and W.C. Hagel:Superalloys 11, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1987.
J. Nutting, S. Ubhi, and T.A. Hughes:Frontiers of High Temperature Materials, Conf. Proc, May 18–21, 1981, John S. Benjamin, ed., IncoMAP, New York City, 1981, pp. 33–41.
T.S. Chou and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia:Metall. Trans. A, 1993, vol. 24A, pp. 773–79.
D. Sporer and O. Lang: inMaterials for Advanced Power eds.,Engineering, Part II, D. Coutsouradis, J.H. Davidson, J. Ewald, P. Greenfield, T. Khan, M. Malik, D.B. Meadowcroft, V. Regis, R.B. Scarlin, F. Schubert, and D.V. Thornton, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, 3300AH, Netherlands, 1994, pp. 1469–88.
D. Sporer and K. Lempenauer:13th Int. Plansee Sem., Proc. vol. 1,Metallic High Temperature Materials, Plansee Metall AG, Reutte, Tirol, Austria, 1993, pp. 796–810.
R.C. Klug, G. Krauss, D.K. Matlock, and F.S. Suarez: inHeat-Resistant Materials, K. Natesan and D.J. Tillack, eds., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1991, pp. 61–69.
R.C. Klug, G. Krauss, and D.K. Matlock: inAdvances in Hot Deformation Textures and Microstructures, J.J. Jones, T.R. Bieler, and K.J. Bowman, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994, pp. 535–46.
R.W. Cahn:Recrystallization, Grain Growth and Textures, ASM Seminar, Oct. 16–17, 1965, ASM, Cleveland, OH, 1965, p. 99.
U. Koster:Paper presented at Conf. Proc, Iron and Steel Institute, London, Nov. 14-15, 1973.
R.D. Doherty:Proc. 1st Rise Int. Symp. on Metal Materials Science, London, 1980, N. Hansen and A.R. Jones, eds., Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1980, pp. 57–69.
A.R. Jones and N. Hansen:Proc. 1st Rise Int. Symp. on Metal Materials Science, London, 1980, N. Hansen and A.R. Jones, eds., Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1980, pp. 13–25.
N. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, and T. Maki:Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 1992, vol. 32 (12), pp. 1319–28.
N. Tsuji and T. Maki: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, private communication, Nov. 1992.
J.D. Embury, A. Korbel, V.S. Raghunathan, and J. Rys:Acta Metall, 1984, vol. 32 (11), pp. 1883–94.
I.L. Dillamore, J.G. Roberts, and A.C. Bush:Met. Sci., 1979, Feb., pp. 73–77.
T. Nakayama and Y. Ushigami:Nippon Steel Tech. Rep., 1990, No. 47, pp. 8–17.
J. Harase and R. Shimizu:Acta Metall, 1992, vol. 40 (5), pp. 1101–11.
T. Nakayama and Y. Ushigami:Proc. 7th Riso Int. Symp. on Metal Materials Science, N. Hansen, Juul D. Jensen, T. Leffers, and B. Ralph, eds., Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1986, pp. 463–67.
S.S. Gorelik:Recrystallization in Metal and Alloys, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1981 (English translation).
R.W. Cahn: inPhysical Metallurgy, 3rd ed., R.W. Cahn and P. Haasen, eds., Elsevier, New York, NY, pp. 1595–1671.
J.C.M. Li:Recrystallization, Grain Growth and Textures, ASM Sem., Oct. 16–17, 1965, ASM, Cleveland, OH, 1965, pp. 45–94.
B. Hutchinson:Scripta Metall, 1992, vol. 27 (11), pp. 1471–75.
G. Korb and D. Sporer:High Temperature Materials for Power Engineering 1990, Part II, Kluwer Achademic Publishers, 3300AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1990, pp. 1417–30.
D. Sporer and G. Korb:Mechanical Alloying for Structural Applications, ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 109–15.
G. Ibe and K. Lucke:Recrystallization, Grain Growth and Textures, ASM Sem., Oct. 16–17, 1965, ASM, Cleveland, OH, 1965, p. 434.
G. Abbruzzese and K. Lucke:Acta Metall., 1986, vol. 34 (5), pp. 905–14.
U. Koster: Paper presented atConf. on Recrystallization in the Control of Microstructure, Nov. 14–15, 1973, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1974, pp. 151–60.
Lambda Research Report No. 0630-0001, Lambda Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
G. Korb:New Materials by Mechanical Alloying Techniques, DGM Conf. Papers, Oct. 1988, E. Arzt and L. Schultz, eds., Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Metallkunde, Oberursel, Germany, 1989, pp. 175–82.
R.C. Klug: Ph.D. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 1993.
F.J. Humphreys:Scripta Metall, 1992, vol. 27, pp. 1557–62.
D.A. Porter and K.E. Easterling:Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Ltd., Berkshire, 1988, pp. 179–80 and 285–87.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klug, R.C., Krauss, G. & Matlock, D.K. Recrystallization in oxide-dispersion strengthened mechanically alloyed sheet steel. Metall Mater Trans A 27, 1945–1960 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02651944
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02651944