Abstract
Several taxa of cryptomonads, including species of marineChroomonas, Cryptomonas and freshwaterRhodomonas were examined using transmission electron microscopy. They have cellular structures fundamentally in common: a single bilobed chlorplast, a single pyrenoid between the chloroplast lobes, and a nuclemorph embedded within a cleft of the pyrenoidal matrix. These features are in accordance with the taxonomic characteristics of the recently established genusPyrenomonas. The algae also have similar pigmentation to that ofRhodomonas andPyrenomonas which is red or reddish-brown. On the basis of these observations, the genusRhodomonas Karsten (1898) is redescribed in this paper and the genusPyrenomonas Santore is considered to be synonymous withRhodomonas.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- C:
-
chloroplast
- CER:
-
chloroplast ER
- CV:
-
contractile vacuole
- Fg:
-
fibrillogranular body
- G:
-
globules
- Go:
-
Golgi body
- Gu:
-
gullet
- M:
-
mitochondrion
- N:
-
nucleus
- Nm:
-
nucleomorph
- Nu:
-
nucleolus
- Py:
-
pyrenoid
- S:
-
starch
- T:
-
large trichocyst
- t:
-
small trichocyst
References
Burtcher, R.W. 1952. Contributions to our knowledge of the smaller marine algae. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K.31: 175–192.
— 1967. An introductory account of the smaller algae of British coastal waters. Part IV. Cryptophyceae. Fishery Investigations Series IV. 1–54. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Carter, N.. 1937. New or interesting algae from brackish water. Arch. Protistenk.90: 1–68.
Conrad, W. 1939. Sur quatre Cryptomonadines rouges. Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg.15: 1–5.
Dodge, J.D. 1969. The ultrastructure ofChroomonas mesostigmatica Butcher (Cryptophyceae). Arch. Mikrobiol.69: 266–280.
Gantt, E. 1979. Phycobiliproteins of Cryptophyceae.In: Levandowsky, M. and S.H. Hutner, ed., Biochemistry and Physiology of Protozoa. Vol.1, pp. 121–138. Academic Press, New York.
Geitler, L. 1922. Die Mikrophyten-Biocoenose der Fontinalis-Bestände des Lunzer Untersees und ihre Abhängigkeit vom Licht. Int. Revue d. ges. Hydrobiol. und Hydrog.10: 683–691.
Gillott, M.A. andS.P. Gibbs. 1980. The cryptomonad nucleomorph: its ultrastructure and evolutionary significance. J. Phycol.16: 558–568.
Hansgirg, A. 1985. Über den Polymorphismus der Algen. Bot. Centralbl.23: 229–233.
Javornický, P. 1976. Minute species of the genusRhodomonas (Karsten (Cryptophyceae). Arch. Protistenk.118: 98–106.
Karsten, G. 1898.Rhodomonas baltica N. g. et sp. Wiss. Meeresunters. Kiel3: 15–16.
Klaveness, D. 1981.Rhodomonas lacustris (Pascher & Ruttner) Javornický (Cryptomonadida): ultrastructure of the vegetative cell. J. Protozool.28: 83–90.
Kylin, H. 1935. ÜberRhodomonas, Platymonas undPrasinocladus. Kungl. Fysiogr. Sällsk. i. Lund Förhandl.5: 1–13.
Lucas, I.A.N. 1968. Three new species of the genusCryptomonas (Cryptophyceae). Brit. Phycol. Bull.3: 535–541.
MacColl, R. andD. Guard-Friar. 1987. Cryptomonads.In MacColl and Guard-Friar, Phycobiliproteins. pp. 175–192. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Oakley, B.R. andT. Bisalputra. 1977. Mitosis and cell division inCryptomonas (Cryptophyceae). Can. J. Bot.55: 2789–2800.
Okaichi, T., S. Nishio andY. Imatomi. 1982. Collection and mass culture.In Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., ed., Toxic phytoplankton—occurrence, mode of action, and toxins, pp. 23–34. Koseisha-Koseikaku, Tokyo (in Japanese).
Pascher, A. 1913. Cryptomonadinae.In A. Pascher, ed., Süßwasser-Flora Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz, H2, pp. 96–114. Fischer, Jena.
Pringsheim, E.G. 1944. Some aspects of taxonomy in the Cryptophyceae. New Phytol.43: 143–150.
Provasoli, L. andI.J. Pintner. 1959. Artificial media for freshwater algae: Problems and suggestions.In Tryon, C.A. and R.T. Hartmann, ed., The Ecology of Algae, Spec. Publ. No. 2, Pymatuning Lab. of Field Biology, pp. 84–96. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.
Reynolds, E.S. 1963. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell. Biol.17: 208–212.
Santore, U.J. 1982. Comparative ultrastructure of two members of the Cryptophycea assigned to the genusChroomonas—with comments on their taxonomy. Arch. Protistenk.125: 5–29.
— 1984. Some aspects of taxonomy in the Cryptophyceae. New Phytol.98: 627–646.
— 1986. The ultrastructure ofPyrenomonas heteromorpha comb. nov. (Cryptophyceae). Botanica Marina29: 75–82.
Skuja, H. 1948. Taxonomie des Phytoplanktons einiger Seen in Uppland, Schweden. Symb. Bot. Upsal.9(3): 1–399.
Spurr, A.R. 1969. A low viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res.26: 31–57.
Wislouch, S. 1924. Przycnek do biologji solnisk i genezy szlamov leczniczych na Krymie. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol.2: 99–129.
Zimmermann, W. 1925. Helgoländer Meeresalgen. I-IV. Wiss. Meeresunters. Helgoland16: 1–25.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Erata, M., Chihara, M. Re-examination ofPyrenomonas andRhodomonas (class cryptophyceae) through ultrastructural survey of red pigmented cryptomonads. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 102, 429–443 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02488125
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02488125