A new Halophytophthora species, H. porrigovesica, from subtropical and tropical mangroves

doi:10.1007/BF02463973

Mycoscience

Volume 42, Issue 1, February 2001, Pages 33-41

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463973 Get rights and content

A new oomycete was found from intertidal fallen leaves of mangroves in Japan and Thailand and is described here as Halophytophthora porrigovesica. This species is characterized by having an epapillate, ovate zoosporangium with a lens-shaped dehiscence plug-like material at the apex, and by forming an expanding long cylindrical vesicle prior to zoospore release. A key to 14 species and 2 varieties of Halophytophthora including the new species is proposed. The subtropical (Iriomote Is., Japan) strains and tropical (Thailand) strains were different in physiological properties and especially in the asexual reproduction. The subtropical strains showed a lower optimal temperature and wider range of suitable temperature and salinity for zoosporangium formation, whereas the tropical strains showed a higher optimal temperature and narrower range of temperature and salinity. These differences are explained as adaptations of the strains to the environmental conditions of their respective habitats. From the subtropical mangroves, six strains of the new species have been isolated only from submerged leaves of Sonneratia alba, while several strains have been isolated from tropical mangroves from the leaves of three species of mangrove trees, S. alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Avicennia alba. This indicates a change of taxon selectivity (host specificity) with the geographical distribution.

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Cited by (19)

A review of factors associated with decline and death of mangroves, with particular reference to fungal pathogens
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Citation Excerpt :
This is besides the earlier reports of fungi from India where the diversity and frequency of manglicolous fungi were studied (Ananda and Sridhar, 2004; Kumaresan and Suryanarayanan, 2001; Manoharachary et al., 2005; Rani and Panneerselvam, 2009; Sarma et al., 2001; Vittal and Sarma, 2006). A large number of studies have been conducted in East and Southeast Asia (Besitulo et al., 2010; Nakagiri et al., 2001; Ho et al., 1990; Sarma and Hyde, 2001; Vrijmoed et al., 1994; Y. Wang et al., 2010; Xing and Guo, 2010), especially from areas such as China (Jones et al., 1999; Tsui and Hyde, 2004; Xing and Guo, 2010) and Thailand (Hyde, 1990, 1992a; Pilantanapak et al., 2005). Besides the studies conducted in Asia, a number of studies, mostly focussing on the taxonomy of fungi on mangroves, have also been conducted in the Americas (Table 2).
Mangrove species grow in bays and estuaries in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Mangrove systems are categorized as highly productive, providing crucial environmental functions. Their stability and survival are, however, constantly threatened by anthropogenic activities and there has been an increase in reports of decline and death of these trees globally. Currently, little is known regarding diseases affecting mangroves, particularly those caused by micro-organisms such as fungi. In recent years several studies of the fungi associated with these trees have been conducted and a number of fungal diseases have been identified. However, few studies have been done in South Africa and little is known regarding the health status of mangroves in the country. This review aims to provide a background for further studies of pathogens affecting true mangroves in South Africa. Furthermore, it aims to contribute toward the development of management plans to ensure mangrove health in the country.
Tropical oomycetes in the German Bight - Climate warming or overlooked diversity?
2013, Fungal Ecology
Citation Excerpt :
and fall within clades of Pythium, Phytopythium and Phytophthora. All species of Halophytophthora described so far have been isolated in the subtropics and tropics (Fell & Master 1975; Pegg & Alcorn 1982; Gerrettson-Cornell & Simpson 1984; Ho et al. 1991, 1992, 2003; Nakagiri et al. 1994, 2001), with only H. vesicula and Halophytophthora avicenniae having also been found in warm microclimate regions of Vancouver, British Columbia (Anastasiou & Churchland 1969; Nakagiri 2000) and south-western Oregon, USA (Reeser et al. 2011), respectively. From cooler regions, there are no records of Halophytophthora nor of Salisapilia, which could be due to the fact that they are simply not present, or because they have been overlooked.
Oomycetes have colonised both terrestrial and marine habitats, and leaf litter decomposing oomycetes have been found in coastal and estuarine environments, yet their ecological relevance remains unclear. In tropical and subtropical ecosystems, Halophytophthora species were reported from mangroves and salt marshes, and recently, the genus Salisapilia was described based on oomycetes recovered from leaf litter in subtropical Georgia, USA. In cool temperate regions, only Pythium and Phytophthora species have so far been reported from coastal environments. Here we report the presence of two species of Halophytophthora in the German Bight, north of Hamburg. The presence of a group of oomycetes, previously reported only from the subtropics and tropics, in the cool temperate German Bight raises the question of whether these were previously overlooked, introduced with ballast water or have migrated there as a result of climate change. Temperature preference of the strains hints at the first hypothesis.
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2023, Letters in Applied Microbiology
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2022, Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
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Mycoscience

Literature cited (15)

Two new Halophytophthora species H. tartarea and H. masteri, from intertidal decomposing leaves in saltmarsh and mangrove regions

Mycoscience

Fungi on decaying leaves in marine habitats

Can. J. Bot.

Phycomycetes (Phytophthora spp. nov & Pythium sp. nov.) associated with degrading mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) leaves

Can. J. Bot.

Three new marine Phytophthora species from New South Wales

Mycotaxon

Halophytophthora kandeliae, a new marine fungus from Taiwan

Mycologia

A new species of Halophytophthora from Atlantic and Pacific subtropical islands

Mycologia

Growth and reproduction of Halophytophthora species

Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan

Cited by (19)

A review of factors associated with decline and death of mangroves, with particular reference to fungal pathogens

Tropical oomycetes in the German Bight - Climate warming or overlooked diversity?

Unravelling the Lipids Content and the Fatty Acid Profiles of Eight Recently Described Halophytophthora Species and H. avicennae from the South Coast of Portugal

Fatty acid profiles of oomycetes (Halophytophthora and Phytopythium spp.) from Philippines mangroves

Eight new Halophytophthora species from marine and brackish-water ecosystems in Portugal and an updated phylogeny for the genus

Halophytophthora fluviatilis pathogenicity and distribution along a mediterranean-subalpine gradient