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An experimental study of receptivity of acoustic waves in laminar boundary layers

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Abstract

The receptivity of a laminar boundary layer developing on a flat plate was studied with two- and three-dimensional roughness elements. The layer was subjected to acoustic waves from speakers orientated perpendicular to the surface of the plate. Visualization of the transition patterns were obtained by heating temperature sensitive liquid crystals on the plate and observing the cooling patterns associated with the different flow regimes. Hot-wire data showed that the most amplified Tollmien-Schlichting waves dominated the downstream growth when the roughnesses were placed within the linearly unstable regime. The receptivity depended upon the size and aspect ratio of the three-dimensional roughness as predicted by Choudhari and Kerschen 1990.

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Abbreviations

D :

diameter of roughness

δ :

boundary layer thickness

Δx :

streamwise spatial separation

Δz :

spanwise spatial separation

ɛ :

(Re)1/8

f :

frequency

h :

nondimensional roughness height,H/(ɛ 5 L)

H :

height of roughness

H ⋆ :

nondimensional roughness height,H/δ

l x :

streamwise length of roughness

l z :

spanwise length of roughness

L :

distance of the roughness element from leading edge

λ :

wavelength of Tollmien-Schlichting wave

v :

kinematic viscosity coefficient

Re :

Reynolds number,U ∞ L/v

R uu :

Correlation coefficient

SPL:

sound pressure level

SPL⋆ :

SPL normalized by 124 dB

θ :

angle between speaker and roughness

τ:

time delay

u :

streamwise velocity

U ∞ :

freestream velocity

W :

width of two-dimensional roughness

x :

distance from leading edge

y :

distance normal to the wall

z :

spanwise coordinate

( ) ac :

acoustic

( )r :

roughness

( )m :

measurement location

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Southern California, 90089-1191, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    M. D. Zhou, D. P. Liu & R. F. Blackwelder

Authors
  1. M. D. Zhou
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  2. D. P. Liu
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  3. R. F. Blackwelder
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Additional information

This research was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-89-J-1400. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank one of the reviewers for his helpful comments.

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Zhou, M.D., Liu, D.P. & Blackwelder, R.F. An experimental study of receptivity of acoustic waves in laminar boundary layers. Experiments in Fluids 17, 1–9 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02412797

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02412797

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