Résumé
Lymantria dispar (L.) est réparti en Iran dans la région la plus septentrionale du pays, le long de la mer Caspienne. Son aire recouvre le versant nord du massif de l'Elbourz, du nord de Tabriz à l'ouest jusqu'à Bojnurd à l'est. Ses plantes-hôtes sont très variées et comprennent les genres suivant:Alnus, Populus. Gleditschia. Quercus, Carpinus. Prunus. L'inventaire des ennemis naturels deL. dispar, parasites, prédateurs et maladies a été établi. Ces ennemis sont représentés pour la plupart par des espèces connues en Europe. Mais en Iran ils suffisent à maintenir les populations à un niveau très bas. Aucune gradation catastrophique n'a jamais été enregistrée. En 1976, les ravages ont été négligeables. Le taux global de mortalité par les maladies (virose et surtout nosémose) chez les chenilles et les nymphes échantillonnées a atteint 85% et le taux de parasitisme apparent 7%. Le taux de survie deL. dispar a été de 8% seulement. Les insectes parasites les plus efficaces appartiennent à 2 groupes: lesApanteles, avec essentiellementA. melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) et les tachinairesExorista larvarum (L.),Carcelia separata (Rondani) etCompsilura concinnata (Meigen). Les insectes suivants ont eu un impact faible: II s'agit des parasites larvairesBraconidae, Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck,Apanteles liparidis (Bouché),Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael);Ichneumonidae Phobocampe sp.,Casinaria tenuiventris (Gravenhorst),Coccygomimus instigator (F.),Lymantrichneumon disparis Poda, des prédateurs larvairesCarabidae. Calosoma sycophanta (L.) etPentatomidae, Picromerus conformis (Herrich-Schäffer) et du parasite oophageEupelmidae, Anastatus disparis Ruschka.
Summary
Lymantria dispar (L.) occurs in Iran in the most northern part of the country, bordering the Caspian sea. It is distributed throughout the northern slopes of the Elborz mountains, from the region north of Tabriz in the west to Bojnurd in the east. The host plants are quite varied and include the following genera:Alnus, Populus, Gleditschia, Quercus, Carpinus andPrunus. An inventory was made of the parasites, predators and pathogens ofL. dispar. In general these natural enemies are represented by species also present in Europe. However, in Iran they are able to maintain the population of the host at a very low level and no serious outbreak has ever been recorded. In 1976 the damage was negligible. The total mortality caused by the pathogens (virus and especiallyNosema) reached 85% and the apparent percentage was 7%. Only 8% of the host survived. The most effective insect parasites belonged to 2 groups:Apanteles, primarilyA. melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) and the tachinids,Exorista larvarum (L.),Carcelia separata (Rondani) andCompsilura concinnata (Meigen).
The following insects had a minor efficacy: The were the larval parasitesBraconidae: Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck,Apanteles liparidis (Bouché),Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael);Ichneumonidae: Phobocampe sp.,Casinaria tenuiventris (Gravenhorst),Coccygominus instigator (F.),Lymantrichneumon disparis Poda; the larval predatorsCarabidae Calosoma sycophanta (L.) andPentatomidae Asopinae Picromerus conformis (Herrich-Schäffer) and the oophagous parasiteEupelmidae Anastatus disparis Ruschka.
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Hérard, F., Mercadier, G. & Abai, M. Situation deLymantria dispar [Lep.: Lymantriidae] et de son complexe parasitaire en Iran, en 1976. Entomophaga 24, 371–384 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374176
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374176