Skip to main content
Log in

Effects of clozapine on CSF homovanillic acid in spasmodic torticollis

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Journal of Neural Transmission / General Section JNT Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

We studied the effect of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine (CLO) on homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in five patients with spasmocid torticollis. Lumbar puncture was performed before and on the seventh day of CLO treatment. Although an HVA elevation was to be expected because of the antidopaminergic action of CLO, statistical analysis failed to reveal any significant increase of HVA under CLO treatment. Thus significance of CSF HVA may be less important for the description of antidopaminergic action of neuroleptics than previously assumed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Ackenheil M, Beckmann H, Greil W, Hoffmann G, Markianos E, Raese J (1974) Anti-psychotic efficacy of clozapine in correlation to changes in catecholamine metabolism in man. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 9: 647–57

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ackenheil M (1989) Clozapine-pharmacokinetic investigations and biochemical effects in man. Psychopharmacology 99 [Suppl]: 32–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben Menachem E, Persson L, Schechter PJ, Haegele KD, Huebert N, Hardenberg J (1989) Cerebrospinal fluid parameters in healthy volunteers during serial lumbar punctures. J Neurochem 52: 632–635

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blennow K, Wallin A, Gottfries CG, Mansson J-E, Svennerholm L (1993 a) Concentration gradients for monoamine metabolites in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm [P-D Sect] 5: 5–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blennow K, Wallin A, Gottfries CG, Karlsson I, Mansson JE, Skoog I, Wikkelsö C, Svennerholm L (1993 b) Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in 114 healthy individuals 18–88 years of age. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 3: 55–61

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers MB, Rozitis A (1976) Brain homovanillic acid: regional changes over time with antipsychotic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 39: 109–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers MB, Henninger GR (1981) Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid patterns during treatment. Psychiatry Res 4: 285–290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson A, Lindquist M (1963) Effect of chlorpromazine or haloperidol on the formation of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 20: 140–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curzon G (1973) Involuntary movements other than parkinsonism: biochemical aspects. Proc R Soc Med 66: 873–876

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson DLW, Yates CM, Mawdsley C, Pullar IA, Wilson H (1977) CSF studies on the relationship between dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in Parkinsonism and other movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 40: 1136–1141

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson M, Kahn RS, Stern RG, Hirschowitz J, Apter S, Knott P, Davis KL (1993) Treatment with clozapine and its effect on plasma homovanillic acid. Psychiatry Res 46: 151–163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Degrell I, Nagy E (1990) Concentration gradients for HVA, 5-HIAA, ascorbic acid, and uric acid in cerebrospinal fluid. Biol Psychiatry 27: 891–896

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ebinger G, Michotte Y, Herregodts P (1987) The significance of homovanillic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurochem 48: 1725–1729

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach J, Koppelhus P, Heiweg E, Monrad A (1974) Clozapine and haloperidol in a single-blind cross-over trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 50: 410–424

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach J, Thorsen K, Fog R (1975) Extrapyramidal reactions and amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid during haloperidol and clozapine treatment of schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacologia 40: 341–350

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green AI, Alam MY, Sobieraj JT, Pappalardo KM, Waternaux C, Salzman C, Schatzberg AF, Schildkraut JJ (1993) Clozapine response and plasma catecholamines and their metabolites. Psychiatry Res 46: 139–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guilleminault C, Tharp BR, Cousin D (1973) HVA and 5HIAA CSF measurements and 5HTP trials in some patients with unvoluntary movements. J Neurol Sci 18: 435–441

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haring C, Meise U, Humpel C, Saria A, Fleischhacker WW, Hinterhuber H (1989) Dose-related plasma levels of clozapine. Psychopharmacology 99 [Suppl]: 38–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartikainen P, Soininen H, Reinikainen KJ, Sirviö J, Soikkeli R, Riekkinen PJ (1991) Neurotransmitter markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects. J Neural Transm [GenSect] 84: 103–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand J, Bourgeois F, Buyse M, Przedborski S, Goldman S (1990) Reproducibility of monoamine metabolite measurements in human cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol Scand 81: 427–430

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand J, Moussa Z, Raftopoulos C, Vanhouche J, Laute MA, Przedborski S (1992) Variations of homovanillic acid levels in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol Scand 85: 340–342

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huether G, Hajak G, Reimer A, Poeggeler B, Blömer M, Rodenbeck A, Rüther E (1992) The metabolic fate of infused L-tryptophan in men. Psychopharmacology 109: 422–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutson PH, Curzon G (1986) Dopamine metabolites in rat cisternal cerebrospinal fluid: major contribution from extrastriatal dopamine neurones. J Neurochem 46: 186–190

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert GW, Eisenhofer G, Cox HS, Home M, Kalff V, Kelly M, Jennings GL, Esler MD (1991) Direct determination of homovanillic acid release from the human brain. Life Sci 49: 1061–1072

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert GW, Eisenhofer G, Jennings GL, Esler MD (1993) Regional homovanillic acid production in humans. Life Sci 53: 63–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman J, Johns C, Cooper T, Pollack S, Kane J (1989) Clozapine pharmacology and tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology 99[Suppl]: 54–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Meltzer HY (1989) Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of clozapine: the dopamine-serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 99[Suppl]: 18–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghaddam B, Bunney BS (1990) Utilization of microdialysis for assessing the release of mesotelencephalic dopamine following clozapine and other antipsychotic drugs. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 14[Suppl]: 51–57

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Keefe R, Sharman DF, Vogt M (1970) Effects of drugs used in psychosis on cerebral dopamine metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 38: 287–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Papeschi R, Molina-Negro P, Sourkes TL, Erba G (1972) The concentration of homovanillic and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acids in ventricular and lumbar CSF. Neurology 22: 1151–1159

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pickar D, Owen RR, Litman RE, Konicki E, Gutierrez R, Rapaport MH (1992) Clinical and biologic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 345–353

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Post RM, Goodwin FK (1975) Time-dependent effects of phenothiazines on the dopamine turnover in psychiatric patients. Science 190: 488–489

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rupniak NMJ, Kilpatrick G, Hall MD, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1984) Differential alterations in striatal dopamine receptor sensitivity induced by repeated administration of clinically equivalent doses of haloperidol, sulpiride or clozapine in rats. Psychopharmacology 84: 512–519

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rüther E (1986) Wirkungsverlauf der neuroleptischen Therapie. Fischer, Stuttgart New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedvall G (1980) Concentrations of monoamine metabolites and chlorpromazine in cerebrospinal fluid. Prog Biocheni Pharmacol 16: 133–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sedvall G, Fyrö B, Nybäck H, Wiesel FA, Wode-Helgodt B (1974) Mass fragmentometric determination of homovanillic acid in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients during treatment with antipsychotic drugs. J Psychiatr Res 11: 75–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sourkes TL (1973) On the origin of homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm 34: 153–157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stahl SM, Faull KF, Barchas JD, Berger PA (1985) CSF monoamine metabolites in movement disorders and normal aging. Arch Neurol 42: 166–169

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stawarz RJ, Hill H, Robinson SE, Setler P, Dingell JV, Sulser F (1975) On the significance of the increase in homovanillic acid caused by antipsychotic drugs in corpus striatum and limbic forebrain. Psychopharmacology 43: 125–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiel A, Dressier D, Kistel C, Rüther E (1994) Clozapine treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Neurology 44: 957–958

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Praag HM, Korf J, Dois LCW (1976) Clozapine versus perphenazine: the value of the biochemical mode of action of neuroleptics in predicting their therapeutic activity. Br J Psychiatry 129: 547–555

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waldmeier PC, Maitre L (1976) On the relevance of preferential increases of mesolimbic versus striatal dopamine turnover for the prediction of antipsychotic activity of psychotropic drugs. J Neurochem 27: 589–597

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westerink BHC, Korf J (1975) Influence of drugs on striatal and limbic homovanillic acid concentration in the rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 33: 31–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Widerlöv E (1988) A critical appraisal of CSF monoamine metabolite studies in schizophrenia. Ann NY Acad Sci 537: 309–323

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilk S, Watson E, Stanley ME (1975) Differential sensitivity of two dopaminergic structures in rat brain to haloperidol and to clozapine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 195: 265–270

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Thiel, A., Dressler, D., Reimer, A. et al. Effects of clozapine on CSF homovanillic acid in spasmodic torticollis. J. Neural Transmission 97, 245–251 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336145

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336145

Keywords

Navigation