Skip to main content
Log in

Gas and high-performance liquid chromatography of phenols

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Gas and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in the analysis of phenols are reviewed. Among the great number of phenolic compounds analyzed, alkylphenols, chlorophenols, dihydroxy- and trihydroxybenzenes and biphenols are chiefly considered. The advantages and drawbacks of the methods are discussed, quoting the most important work. Relationships between the structural characteristics of phenols, the stationary phase structure, the mobile phase composition and the retention data are treated. Typical examples of the conditions for GC and HPLC analysis are summarized in tables. The literature comprises over 270 references, most of them recent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. C. Rand, A. E. Greenberg, M. J. Taras (eds.) Standard Methods for the Examination of Waste and Wastewater, 14th ed., Amer. Publ. Health Assoc., Washington, D. C., 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Churáček, J. Čoupek, in “Liquid Column Chromatography”,Z. Deyl, K. Macek (eds.), J. Chromatogr. Library, Vol. 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. Gasparič, J. Churáček, Paper and Thin-Layer Chromatography, E. Horwood, Chichester, 1978, p. 115.

    Google Scholar 

  4. L. Fishbein, Chromatography of Environmental Hazards, Vol. II, Metal, Gaseous and Industrial Pollutants, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1973, Ch. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  5. A Guide to the Analysis of Phenols by Gas Chromatography, Polyscience Corp., Evanston, Ill. 1966.

  6. P. Buryan, J. Mitera, V. Kubelka, J. Macák, Chem. Listy73, 161 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. B. Harborne, in “Chromatography”,E. Heftmann (eds.), 3rd ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1975, p. 759.

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. D. Bartle, J. Elstub, M. Novotný, R. J. Robinson, J. Chromatogr.135, 351 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. F. P. Scaringelli, T. P. Schutz, I. S. Goldstein, Anal. Lett.13, 261 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Di Corcia, A. Liberti, R. Samperi, J. Chromatogr.167, 243 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Di Corcia, J. Chromatogr.80, 69 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. R. F. Brady Jr., B. C. Pettitt, J. Chromatogr.93, 375 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Nonaka, Bunseki Kagaku17, 1215 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  14. V. Kusy, J. Chromatogr.57, 132 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Di Corcia, R. Samperi, E. Sebastiani, C. Severini, Chromatographia14, 86 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  16. P. A. Mulawa, S. H. Cadle, Anal. Lett.14, 671 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  17. L. Vozňáková, M. Popl, J. Chromatogr. Sci.17, 682 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  18. I. T. Clark, J. Gas Chromatogr.6, 53 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. A. Baker, B. A. Malo, Environ. Sci. Technol.1, 997 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Dietzch, Chem. Tech. (Leipzig)19, 146 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  21. S. Hussain, M. Kifayatulla, J. Chromatogr.168, 517 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. C. Bhattacharyya, A. Bhattacharjee, O. K. Guha, A. N. Basu, Anal. Chem.40, 1873 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J. I. Hedges, J. R. Ertel, Anal. Chem.54, 174 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  24. L. J. Rossemyr, J. Chromatogr.170, 463 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Renberg, K. Lindström, J. Chromatogr.214, 327 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. W. Krijsman, C. G. van de Kamp, J. Chromatogr.131, 412 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Popouchado, G. Petrie, R. N. Adams, J. Electroanal. Chem.38, 389 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. A. J. Francis, E. D. Morgan, C. F. Poole, J. Chromatogr.161, 111 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Tanaka, N. Nose, T. Suzuki, A. Hirose, A. Watanabe, Analyst (London)103, 851 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  30. K. Halpaap, M. G. Horning, E. C. Horning, J. Chromatogr.166, 479 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. T. Meyer, R. R. Sheline, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol.39, 419 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  32. W. A. Prater, M. S. Simmons, K. H. Mancy, Anal. Lett.13, 205 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. T. Coutts, E. E. Hargesheimer, F. M. Pasutto, J. Chromatogr.179, 291 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. M. Mattson, G. Petersson, J. Chromatogr. Sci.15, 546 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  35. V. A. Zakupra, V. S. Dobrov, Khimiya Tekhnol. Topl. Masel 1969, 54; Anal. Abstr.20, 267 (1971).

  36. R. G. Anderson, S. H. Sharman, J. Amer. Oil Chemists' Soc.48, 107 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  37. U. Lille, K. Kundel, L. Bitter, Izv. Akad. Nauk Eston S. S. R., Khim. Geol.21, 213 (1972); Anal. Abstr.25, 3150 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  38. T. G. Paramonova, S. A. Reznikov, R. I. Sidorov, I. S. Borovskaya, Zhur. Anal. Khim.31, 1743 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  39. M. Fujimaki, T. Tsugita, T. Kurata, Agric. Biol. Chem.41, 1721 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Grzybowski, H. Lamparczyk, A. Nasal, A. Radecki, J. Chromatogr.196 (1980) 217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. D. Catelani, C. Sorlini, V. Treccani Experientia27, 1173 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. D. T. Gibson, R. L. Roberts, M. C. Wells, V. M. Kobal, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.50, 211 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. H. Pyysalo, A. Kiviranta, S. Lahtinen, J. Chromatogr.168, 512 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. A. Radecki, J. Grzybowski, J. Chromatogr.152, 211 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. A. E. Habboush, S. J. Al Bazi, J. Chromatogr. Sci.16, 296 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  46. P. Dufek, V. Pacáková, K. Žitný J. Chromatogr.211, 150 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. R. W. Souter, R. H. Bishara, J. Chromatogr.140, 245 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. M. Makita, S. Yamamoto, A. Katoh, Y. Takashita, J. Chromatogr.147, 456 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. P. J. Davis, L. K. Jamieson, R. V. Smith, Anal. Chem.50, 736 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. V. P. Raig, R. Ammon, Arzneim.-Forsch.20, 1266 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  51. V. P. Raig, R. Ammon, Arzneim.-Forsch.22, 1399 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  52. F. Drawert, G. Leupold, Chromatographia9, 605 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  53. E. Fogelquist, B. Josefsson, C. Roos, J. High Resol. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.3, 568 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. D. W. Later, M. L. Lee, K. D. Bartle, R. C. Kong, D. L. Vassilaros, Anal. Chem.53, 1612 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. V. Raverdino, P. Sasseti, J. Chromatogr.153, 181 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. E. R. Adlard, C. B. Milne, R. E. Tindle, Chromatographia14, 507 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  57. K. Isshiki, S. Tsumura, T. Watanabe, Agric. Biol. Chem.42, 2375 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Y. Hoshika, G. Muto, J. Chromatogr.179, 105 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. P. Buryan, J. Macák, J. Hrivňák, J. Chromatogr.137, 425 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. J. Hrivňák, E. Beska, J. Chromatogr.54, 277 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. J. Hrivňák, J. Macák, Anal. Chem.43, 1039 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. O. Mlejnek, V. Vorobjov, J. Chromatogr.79, 91 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. K. Oydvin, Meddr. Norsk. Farm. Selsk.28, 116 (1966); Anal. Abstr.14, 7541 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  64. V. T. Brooks, Chem. Ind. (London) 1959, 1317.

  65. R. W. Freedman, G. O. Charlier, Anal. Chem.36, 1880 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. E. D. Barber, E. Sawicki, S. P. McPherson, Anal. Chem.36, 2442 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. V. V. Moskovskikh, G. D. Kharlampovich, L. A. Isaenko, Zhur. Fiz. Khim.44, 2891 (1970); Anal. Abstr.22, 2360 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  68. H. Zowall, M. Swiatecka, Polimery16, 127 (1971); Anal. Abstr.22, 238 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  69. J. W. Boyden, D. A. Brown, Z. Anal. Chem.254, 32 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. P. Buryan, J. Macák, J. Chromatogr.148, 203 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. P. Buryan, J. Macák, J. Chromatogr.237, 381 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. M. Tsude, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, Bunseki Kagaku18, 47 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  73. L. Soják, J. Jaroš, Ropa Uhlie13, 240 (1971); Anal. Abstr.23, 402 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  74. A. Radecki, J. Grzybowski, H. Lamparczyk, A. Nasal, J. High Resol. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.2, 581 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. A. Radecki, J. Grzybowski, Bromatol. Chem. Toksykol14, 129 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  76. H. Zowall, Chem. Anal (Warsaw)25, 107 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  77. P. Buryan, J. Macák, J. Chromatogr.139, 69 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. P. Buryan, M. Macák, J. Chromatogr.150, 246 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. H. Bober, Fette Seifen Anstrichmittel68, 464 (1966); Anal. Abstr.14 5799 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  80. G. Westöö, A. Andersson, Analyst (London)100, 173 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  81. R. Ciupe, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest)30, 599 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  82. C. Landault, G. Guiochon, Anal. Chem.39, 713 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. A. Bhattacharjee, A. Bhaumik, J. Chromatogr.136, 328 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. J. Fryška, J. Chromatogr.170, 459 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. L. E. Cook, R. C. Spangelo, Anal. Chem.46, 122 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. T. R. Edgerton, R. F. Moseman, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 25 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  87. F. R. Guenther, R. M. Parris, S. N. Chesler, L. R. Hilpert, J. Chromatogr.207, 256 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. M. Lehtonen, J. Chromatogr.202, 413 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. A. R. Trussell, J. G. Moncur, Fong-Yi Lieu, L. Y. C. Leong, J. High Resol. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.4, 156 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. R. Dandeneau, P. Bente, T. Rooney, R. Hiskes, Amer. Laboratory, June 1979.

  91. R. A. Baker, J. Amer. Water Works Ass.58, 751 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  92. F. K. Kawahara, Anal. Chem.40, 1009 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. L. V. Semenchenko, V. T. Kaplin, Zavod. Lab.33, 801 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  94. W. Carruthers, R. A. W. Johnstone, Nature185, 762 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. A. Stark, J. Agr. Food Chem.17, 871 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  96. M. G. Gee, D. G. Land, D. Robinson, J. Agr. Food Chem.25, 829 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  97. M. Tanaka, K. Funazo, T. Hirashima, T. Shono, J. Chromatogr.234, 373 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. S. H. Langer, P. Pantages, I. Weder, Chem. Ind (London) 1958, 1664.

  99. R. W. Freedman, P. P. Croitoru, Anal. Chem.36, 1389 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. P. Dufek, Thesis, Charles University, Prague, ČSSR, 1976.

  101. L. Tullberg, I.-B. Peetre, B. E. F. Smith, J. Chromatogr.120, 103 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. J. C. Lhuguenot, B. F. Maume, C. Baron, Chromatographia4, 204 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  103. D. A. J. Murray, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can.32, 292 (1975); Anal. Abstr.30, 6H44 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  104. K. Callmer, L. E. Edholm, B. E. Smith, J. Chromatogr.136, 45 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. R. Tressl, D. Bahri, H. Koeppler, A. Jensen, Z. Lebensmittelunters. u.-Forsch.167, 111 (1978); Anal. Abstr.36, 1F30 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. V. Vollert, H. Richter, Z. Chemie (Leipzig)10, 437 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  107. R. T. Coutts, E. E. Hargesheimer, F. M. Pasutto, J. Chromatogr.195, 105 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. R. J. Argauer Anal. Chem.40, 122 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. A. T. Shulgin, Anal. Chem.36, 920 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. H. Ehrsson, T. Walle, H. Brötell, Acta Pharm. Suecica8, 319 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  111. L. L. Lamparski, T. J. Nestrick, J. Chromatogr.156, 143 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. F. K. Kawahara, Environ. Sci. Technol.5, 235 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. N. T. M. Kleverlaan, Chem. Weekbl.71, 13 (1975); Anal. Abstr.30, 5H34 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  114. B. Davis, Anal. Chem.49, 832 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. L. Renberg, Chemosphere10, 767 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. H. Hahn, H.-P. Thier, Lebensm. Helchem. Gerichtl. Chem.26, 185 (1972); Anal. Abstr.25, 2631 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  117. N. N. Mikhailova, T. L. Tolstykh, Zh. Anal. Khim.35, 1566 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  118. I. C. Cohen, J. Norcup, J. H. A. Ruzicka, B. B. Wheals, J. Chromatogr.44, 251 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. T. M. Shafik, H. C. Sullivan, H. F. Euos, J. Agric. Food Chem.21, 295 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. W. Sandermann, G. Weissmann, Z. Anal. Chem.189, 137 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. J. Macák, P. Buryan, J. Hrivňák J. Chromatogr.89, 309 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. F. Sellier, G. Tersac, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.219, 213 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. L. S. Bark, K. F. Clarke, J. Chromatogr.48, 418 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. R. Kaliszan, H. D. Hoeltje, J. Chromatogr.234, 303 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. B. L. Karger, Y. Elmehrik, R. L., Stern, Anal. Chem.40, 1227 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. B. L. Karger, Y. Elmehrik, W. Andrade, J. Chromatogr. Sci.7, 209 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  127. M. Kremser, M. Jernejcic, L. Pemru, J. Chromatogr.65, 129 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. P. Buryan, V. Kubelka, J. Mitera, J. Macák, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun.44, 2798 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  129. M. C. de Brauw, J. Chromatogr.165, 207 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. W. A. Dietz, J. Chromatogr. Sci.10, 423 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  131. M. Deinzer, F. Schaumburg, E. Klein, Environ. Health Perspect.24, 209 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  132. R. L. Cooper, K. C. Wheatstone, Water Res.7, 1375 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. J. P. Mieure, M. W. Dietrich, J. Chromatogr. Sci.11, 1375 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  134. Y. I. Korenman, R. N. Bortnikova, A. A. Prikhodko, A. A. Fedyanin, Zh. Anal. Khim.32, 2413 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  135. J. Zerbe, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw)22, 575 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  136. K. Kusunoki, K. Mitarai, T. Asano, Bunseki Kagaku30, 646 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  137. G. A. Junk, J. J. Richard, M. D. Grieser, D. Witiak, J. L. Witiak, M. D. Arguello, R. Vick, H. J. Svec, J. S. Fritz, G. V. Calder, J. Chromatogr.99, 745 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. P. van Rossum, R. G. Webb, J. Chromatogr.150, 381 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. A. Tateda, J. S. Fritz, J. Chromatogr.152, 329 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. E. Břîzová, M. Popl, J. Čoupek, Chem. Prum.27, 352 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  141. E. Břîzová, M. Popl, J. Čoupek, J. Chromatogr.139, 15 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. G. Matsumoto, R. Ishiwatari, T. Hanya, Water Res.11, 693 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. D. E. Wells, A. A. Cowan, Anal. Proc. (London)19, 242 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  144. S. Onodera, M. Tabata, S. Suzuki, S. Ishikura, J. Chromatogr.200, 137 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. P. J. Rennie, Analyst (London)107, 327 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  146. W. Giger, E. Stephanon, C. Schaffner, Chemosphere10, 1253 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. M. A. Wizner, S. Singhawangcha, R. M. Barkley, R. E. Sievers, J. Chromatogr.239, 145 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. A. B. van Haaften, S. T. Sie, Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.26, 52 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  149. M. K. Baldwin, M. A. Selby, H. Bloomberg, Analyst106, 763 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. R. J. Sherwood, F. W. G. Carter, Ann. Occup. Hyg.13, 125 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. M. Duran, D. Ketting, R. K. de Bree, C. van der Heiden, S. K. Wadman, Clin. Chim. Acta45, 341 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. V. Fell, C. R. Lee, J. Chromatogr.121, 41 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. H. E. Spiegel, G. E. Opar, J. Chromatogr.155, 159 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. O. M. Bakke, R. R. Scheline, Anal. Biochem.27, 451 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. T. R. Edgerton, R. F. Moseman, E. M. Lores, L. H. Wright, Anal. Chem.52, 1774 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. K. Gossler, K. H. Schaller, Z. Anal. Chem.290, 111 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. T. Niwa, K. Maeda, T. Ohki, A. Saito, K. Kobayashi, Clin. Chim. Acta110, 51 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. M. Paradowski, S. Andrzejewski, B. Zawisza, T. Wybrzak-Wrobel, E. Lis, Przegl. Lek.38, 663 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. A. Yasuhara, K. Fuwa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap.52, 3311 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  160. I. Yoshihara, Agric. Biol. Chem.44, 1185 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  161. R. Thomas, Analyst (London)85, 551 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  162. J. Vogel, J. Deskusses, Mitt. Geb. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg.54, 330 (1963).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. P. Morries, J. Ass. Publ. Anal.11, 44 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  164. H. Beernaert, J. Chromatogr.77, 331 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. J. B. Laiten, J. M. Ritskes, J. M. Weseman, Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch.168, 289 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  166. R. Tressl, K. G. Gruenewald, H. Koeppler, R. Silwar, Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch.167, 108 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. D. E. Mundy, A. F. Machin, J. Chromatogr.216, 229 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. A. V. Bratchikov, G. L. Ryzhova, Zh. Anal. Khim.36, 1229 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  169. Y. Hoshika, G. Muto, J. Chromatogr.157, 277 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. Y. Iwamiya, T. Nishishita, Bunseki Kagaku28, 26 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  171. N. S. Podkovyrina, L. A. Shumkova, Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel. 1981, 50.

  172. D. E. Seizinger, B. Dimitriades, J. Air Pollut. Contr. Ass.22, 47 (1972).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. A. W. Spears, Anal. Chem.35, 320 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. M. R. Guerin, G. Olerich, A. D. Horton, J. Chromatogr. Sci.12, 385 (1974).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. P. C. Uden, A. P. Carpenter, H. M. Hacke, D. E. Henderson, S. Siggia, Anal. Chem.51, 38 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. H. S. Hertz, J. M. Brown, S. N. Chesler, F. R. Guenther, L. W. Hilpert, W. E. May, R. M. Parris, S. A. Wise, Anal. Chem.52, 1650 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. J. Janák, J. Gas Chromatogr.1, 20 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  178. J. Janák, J. Chromatogr.15, 15 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. H. Pichler, P. Hennenberger, G. Schwartz, Brennst. Chem.49, 175 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  180. H. Pichler, P. Hennenberger, Brennst. Chem.50, 341 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  181. H. Pichler, W. Ripperger, G. Schwartz, Erdöl Kohle23, 91 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  182. F. K. Schweighardt, C. M. White, S. Friedman, J. L. Schultz, “Organic Chemistry of Coal”, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington D.C., 1978, pp. 240–257.

    Google Scholar 

  183. V. M. Nabivach, V. A. Gerasimenko, Yu. S. Berlizov, S. M. Ivanov, A. S. Ryabozadi, Metall. Gornorudn. Prom-st. 1, 29 (1982).

  184. British Coke Research Assn., Coke Res. Rept. No. 55 (1969); Anal. Abstr.20, 2772 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  185. F. Malz, J. Gorlas, Z. Anal. Chem.242, 81 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. V. G. Kostenko, V. A. Rumyantseva, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad)53, 370 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  187. T. P. Schultz, C. L. Chen, I. S. Goldstein, F. P. Scaringelli, J. Chromatogr. Sci.19, 235 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  188. H. Mosimann, W. Weber, Schweizer Arch. Angew. Wiss. Tech.36, 402 (1970); Anal. Abstr.21, 2724 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  189. P. Dufek, I. Černohorský, V. Pacáková, J. Chromatogr.241, 19 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. J. F. Schabron, R. J. Hurtubise, H. F. Silver, Anal. Chem.51, 1426 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. R. B. Sleight, Chromatographia6, 3 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  192. R. M. Cassidy, D. S. Le Gay, R. W. Frei, J. Chromatogr. Sci.12, 85 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  193. S. Hussain, P. Kunzelmann, H. Schildknecht, J. Chromatogr.137, 53 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. G. J. Krol, C. A. Mannan, R. E. Pickering, D. V. Amato, B. T. Kho, A. Sonnenschein, Anal. Chem.49, 1836 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. J. F. Schabron, R. J. Hurtubise, H. F. Silver, Anal. Chem.50, 1911 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. A. Sebenik, J. Chromatogr.160, 205 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. W. A. Dark, J. Chromatogr. Sci.16, 289 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  198. A. V. Kiselev, A. A. Aratskova, T. N. Grozdovitch, Ya. I. Yashin, J. Chromatogr.195, 205 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. P. Sporns, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.64, 337 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. K. Ogan, E. Katz, Anal. Chem.53, 160 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  201. K. Ugland, E. Lundanes, T. Greibrokk, J. Chromatogr.213, 83 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  202. K. Aitzetmüller, E. Arzberger, J. High Resol. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.4, 242 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  203. S. Hara, Y. Dobashi, K. Oka, J. Chromatogr.239, 677 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  204. C. A. Chang, Tu Ch.-F., Anal. Chem.54, 1179 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  205. W. Holstein, D. Severin, Anal. Chem.53, 2356 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  206. R. J. Hurtubise, A. Hussain, H. F. Silver, Anal. Chem.53, 1993 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  207. K. Karch, I. Sebastian, I. Halász, H. Engelhardt, J. Chromatogr.122, 171 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  208. W. E. Hammers, R. H. A. M. Janssen, A. G. Baars, C. L. de Ligny, J. Chromatogr.167, 273 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  209. A. Borys, J. Chromatogr.216, 361 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  210. G. Kung-Jou Chao, J. S. Suatoni, J. Chromatogr. Sci.20, 436 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  211. E. H. Hoyes, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.62, 1004 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  212. P. Jandera, H. Engelhardt, Chromatographia13, 18 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  213. J. C. Hoffsommer, D. J. Glover, C. Y. Hazzard, J. Chromatogr.195, 435 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  214. C. P. Terweij-Groen, J. C. Kraak, J. Chromatogr.138, 245 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  215. M. A. Ragan, M. D. Mackinnon, J. Chromatogr.178, 505 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. R. B. Sleight, J. Chromatogr.83, 31 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  217. P. K. Tseng, L. B. Rogers, J. Chromatogr. Sci.16, 438 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  218. K. S. Lee, D. W. Lee, J. S. Chung, Anal. Chem.45, 396 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  219. U. Kramer, K. Bhatia, J. Chromatogr.89, 348 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  220. P. Jandera, J. Churáček, J. Chromatogr.86, 423 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  221. P. G. Pifferi, L. Baldassarri, O. Gandolfi, J. Chromatogr.88, 381 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  222. L. M. Jahangir, O. Samuelson, Anal. Chim. Acta92, 329 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  223. B. F. Nilsson, O. Samuelson, J. Chromatogr.212, 1 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  224. G. L. Mundhara, J. S. Tiwari, J. Indian Chem. Soc.55, 1032 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  225. G. L. Mundhara, M. P. Tiwari, J. S. Tiwari, J. Indian Chem. Soc.57, 306 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  226. M. D. Grieser, D. J. Pietrzyk, Anal. Chem.45, 1348 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  227. M. A. Curtis, L. B. Rogers, Anal. Chem.53, 2347 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  228. A. J. W. Brook, K. C. Munday, J. Chromatogr.51, 307 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  229. A. Ch. Haglund, J. Chromatogr.156, 317 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  230. T. Seki, J. Chromatogr.115, 262 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  231. M. Jaworski, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw)23, 461 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  232. M. Popl, I. Vít, F. Šmejkal, J. Chromatogr.213, 363 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  233. G. Goldstein, J. Chromatogr.129, 466 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  234. P. Jandera, J. Churáček, J. Čáslavský, D. Szabó, Chromatographia14, 100 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  235. M. Tanaka, Y. Mizobuchi, T. Sonoda, T. Shono, Anal. Lett.14, 281 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  236. B. Rittich, M. Polster, O. Králík, J. Chromatogr.197, 43 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  237. W. Butte, C. Fooken, R. Klussmann, D. Shuller, J. Chromatogr.214, 59 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  238. W. E. Hammers, C. J. Meurs, C. L. de Ligny, J. Chromatogr.247, 1 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  239. D. G. Schwartzfager, Anal. Chem.48, 2189 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  240. L. A. Sternson, W. J. de Witte, J. Chromatogr.138, 229 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  241. D. N. Armentrout, J. D. McLean, N. W. Long, Anal. Chem.51, 1039 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  242. D. E. Ott, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.61, 1465 (1978).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  243. W. P. King, K. T. Joseph, P. T. Kissinger, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.63, 137 (1980).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  244. A. N. Masoud, G. R. Dubes, J. High Resol. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.3, 133 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  245. W. P. King, Current Separations2, 6 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  246. E. M. Lores, T. R. Edgerton, R. F. Moseman, J. Chromatogr. Sci.19, 466 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  247. R. E. Shoup, G. S. Mayer, Anal. Chem.54, 1164 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  248. J. D. McLean, Anal. Chem.54, 1169 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  249. D. A. Roston, P. T. Kissinger, Anal. Chem.54, 429 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  250. Recent Reports on Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection,R. E. Shoup (ed.), BAS Press, W. Lafayette, IN, 1982.

  251. K. Štulík, V. Pacáková, J. Electroanal. Chem.129, 1 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  252. K. Kuwata, M. Vebori, Y. Yamazaki, Anal. Chem.52, 857 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  253. T. T. Lub, H. C. Smit, H. Poppe, J. Chromatogr.149, 721 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  254. K. Bhatia, Anal. Chem.45, 1344 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  255. N. V. Raghavan, J. Chromatogr.168, 523 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  256. C. L. Guillemin, S. Thiault, Analusis6, 414 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  257. C. M. Sparacino, D. J. Minick, Environ. Sci. Technol.,14, 880 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  258. Z. Ivanov, R. J. Magee, Microchem. J.25, 543 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  259. H. E. Ervin, G. D. McGinnis, J. Chromatogr.190, 203 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  260. M. J. McAdams, M. L. Vestal, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 110 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  261. K. A. Pinkerton, J. High Resol. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.4, 33 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  262. P. A. Realini, J. Chromatogr. Sci.19, 124 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  263. H. Z. Pei, T. Takeuchi, D. Ishii, J. High Resol. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.5, 434 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  264. E. Brueggemann, J. E. Wajon, C. W. Wade, E. P. Burrows, J. Chromatogr.237, 484 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  265. G. Mayer, R. E. Shoup, Current Separations3, 4 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  266. M. Sonneborn, E. Pabel, R. Schwabe, Determination of Phenols in Water by HPLC, Comm. Eur. Communities, Rep. Eur. 7623, Anal. Org. Micropollut. Water, 335 FRG, 1982.

  267. H. A. McLeod, G. Laver, J. Chromatogr.244, 385 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  268. D. Yeung, S. Nacht, E. H. Gans, J. Chromatogr.224, 513 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  269. L. L. Needham, R. H. Hill, jr., S. L. Sirmans, Analyst.105, 811 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  270. K. Zech, P. Arnold, H. Liechti, G. Ludwig, J. Chromatographia12, 354 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  271. F. Villeneuve, G. Abravanel, M. Moutounet, G. Alibert, J. Chromatogr.234, 131 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  272. A. W. Archer, Anal. Chim. Acta128, 235 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  273. R. Galensa, F. I. Shaefers, Dtsch. lebensm.-Rundsch.78, 58 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  274. A. F. Cunningham, D. E. Hillman, J. Chromatogr.148, 528 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  275. K. Takimoto, K. Sato, S. Tsuda, Bunseki Kaguku27, 514 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  276. C. R. Daniels, E. P. Swan, J. Chromatogr. Sci.17, 628 (1979).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tesařová, E., Pacáková, V. Gas and high-performance liquid chromatography of phenols. Chromatographia 17, 269–284 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263039

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263039

Key Words

Navigation