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Winde und turbulente Luftströmungen in der Ionosphäre

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Zusammenfassung

Siehe Abschnitt IV.

Summary

Occurrence of predominantly horizontal linear air currents in the ionosphere could be verified by direct and indirect electrical observations. The maximum of frequency of the measured wind velocities lies, within the range of 80 and 120 km altitude, at 60 m/sec and within theF-layer (200 to 350 km altitude) at 100 m/sec. The measured wind velocities do not show a uniform pattern. The standard deviation of the observations reaching several 100 per cent makes it probable that wind direction and speed depend on the hour of day and the season as well as on the geographical latitude and altitude. Considering particularly theF-layer the velocity of propagation of the deviation centers was found to be proportional to the earth-magnetic characteristic number. The extention of these deviation centers, however, does not depend on the intensity of the earth-magnetic disturbance and is nearly constant also in other respects. These more or less linear air currents are combined with a more or less turbulent movement. The direct and indirect observations verify this for the range between 80 and 100 km altitude; knowledge on the respective conditions in theF-layer, however, could not be obtained by them. The root of the average velocity square of all velocity components in the direction of the observations amounts to approximately 2 m/sec. The occurrence of solar and lunar tides in the range of theE-layer with a velocity amplitude of 35 and 25 m/sec respectively can be considered as a indisputable fact, whereas for theF-layer there exist too few investigations as yet.

Résumé

La présence de courants d'air essentiellement horizontaux dans l'ionosphère a été prouvée par des observations visuelles directes et électriques indirectes. Le maximum de fréquence des vitesses de vent mesurées se trouve dans la couche comprise entre 80 et 120 km, où elles atteignent 60 m/s, ainsi qu'au niveau de la coucheF (200–350 km) avec 100 m/s. Les directions observées ne fournissent pas d'image simple; la dispersion des mesures conduit à penser que les azimuts et les vitesses dépendent du moment du jour et de la saison, comme de la latitude et de l'altitude. En ce qui concerne la coucheF en particulier, il apparaît que la vitesse de déplacement des centres de dispersion est proportionnelle au nombre caractéristique géomagnétique. La grandeur de ces centres est toutefois indépendante de l'intensité de la perturbation géomagnétique et reste à peu près constante.

A ces courants ionosphériques plus ou moins linéaires se superpose un courant d'air plus ou moins turbulent; les observations directes et indirectes vérifient ce fait pour la couche comprise entre 80 et 120 km, mais elles ne peuvent rien dire à ce sujet en ce qui concerne la coucheF. La racine carrée du carré moyen des vitesses de toutes les composantes de vitesse dans la direction d'observation est égale à 2 m/s environ.

L'existence de marées solaires et lunaires dans la coucheE avec une amplitude des vitesses de respectivement 35 et 25 m/s peut être considérée comme assurée; les recherches analogues concernant la coucheF sont encore trop peu nombreuses.

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  1. Institut für Ionosphärenforschung in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Lindau über Northeim/Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland

    Walter Becker

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Becker, W. Winde und turbulente Luftströmungen in der Ionosphäre. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A. 6, 417–439 (1954). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247006

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