Abstract
This article explores five hypotheses on why some county mental health systems are more effective than others. The five hypotheses are: leadership succession, powerful agency, integrated system, service barriers, and resource dependency. The five explanations are tested through multiple regression on eight county service delivery systems in the northwest United States. The results of the study support the first three hypotheses, but not the latter two.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aiken, M., & Hage, J. (1968). Organizational interdependence and intraorganizational structure.American Sociological Review, 33, 912–29.
Aldrich, H. (1978). Centralization versus decentralization in the design of human service delivery systems. In Sarri (Ed.),The management of human services (pp. 51–79). New York: Columbia University Press.
Allen, M.P., Panian, S.K., & Lotz, R.E. (1979). Managerial succession and organizational performance: A recalcitrant problem revisited.Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 167–180.
Anthony, W.A., & Branch, A. (1988). Research on community support services: What have we learned? (Unpublished paper).
Bachrach, L.L. (1981). Continuity of care for chronic mental patients: A conceptual analysis.American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 1449–1456.
Baker, F., & O'Brien, G. (1971). Intersystem relations and coordination of human service organizations.American Journal of Public Health, 61, 130–137.
Blau, P., & Schwartz, J.E. (1984).Crosscutting social circles. New York: Academic Press.
Bonacich, P. (1987). Power and centrality: A family of measures.The American Journal of Sociology, 92, 1170–82.
Brown, M.C. (1982). Administrative succession and organizational performance: The succession effect.Administrative Science Quarterly, 27, 1–16.
Connery, R.H. (1968).The politics of mental health. New York: Columbia University Press.
Cook, K.S., Emerson, R.M., Gillmore, M.R., & Yamagishi, T. (1983). The distribution of power in exchange networks: Theory and experimental results.American Journal of Sociology, 89, 275–305.
Cutler, D.L. (1985). Clinical care update: The chronically mentally ill.Community Mental Health Journal, 21, 3–13.
Eitzen, D.S., Yetman, N.R. (1972). Managerial change, longevity, and organizational effectiveness.Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 110–118.
Fennell, M.L., & Warnecke, R.E. (1988).The diffusion of medical innovations: An applied network analysis. New York: Plenum.
Friedman, S.D. (1987). Succession systems in large corporations: Characteristics and correlates of performance. In S. Friedman (Ed.),Leadership succession (pp. 1–23). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
Galaskiewicz, J. (1985). Interorganizational relations.Annual Review of Sociology, 11, 281–304.
Gamson, W., & Scotch, N. (1964). Scapegoating in Baseball.American Journal of Sociology, 70, 69–72.
Goodman, P.S., Pennings, J.M. (1977).New perspectives on organizational effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Grusky, O. (1963). Managerial succession and organizational effectiveness.The American Journal of Sociology, 69, 21–31.
Grusky, O., Tierney, K., Holstein, J., Anspach, R., Davis, D., Unruh, D. & Vandewater, S. (1987). Models of local mental health delivery systems. In W.R. Scott & B.L. Black (Eds.),The organization of mental health services: Society and community systems. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Grusky, O., Tierney, K., Anspach, R., Davis, D., Holstein, J., Unruh, D & Vandewater, S. (1987). Descriptive evaluations of community support program sites.International Journal of Mental Health, 15 (4), 26–43.
Grusky, O. & Tierney, K. (1988). Evaluating the effectiveness of countywide mental health care systems.Community Mental Health Journal, 25, 3–20.
Grusky, O., & Adams, R. (1994). Organizational conflict and mental health service system effectiveness.Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 22, 143–157.
Hall, R.H. (1987).Organizations: Structures, processes, and outcomes. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Hannan, M.T., & Freeman, J. (1977). Obstacles to comparative studies. In P.S. Goodman, J.M. Pennings,New perspectives on organizational effectiveness (pp. 106–131). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kanter, R.M., & Summers, P.V. (1987). Doing well while doing good: Dilemmas of performance measurement in nonprofit organizations and the need for a multiple-consistency approach. In W.W. Powell (Ed.),The non profit sector: A research handbook (pp. 154–166). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R.L. (1966).The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley.
Knoke, D. & Kuklinski, J.H. (1982).Network analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Laumann, E.O., Galaskiewicz, J., & Marsden, P. (1978).Community structure as interorganizational linkages.Annual Review of Sociology, 4, 455–84.
Lawrence, P.R., & Lorsch, J.W. (1967).Organization and environment: Managing differentiation and integration. Boston: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.
Leavitt, H.J. (1951). Some effects of certain communication patterns on group performance.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 38–50.
Lowin, A., & Craig, J.R. (1968). The influence of level of performance on managerial style: An experimental object-lesson in the ambiguity of correlational data.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 440–458.
Mann, M. (1986).The sources of social power (Vol. 1). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mechanic, D. (1988). Recent developments in mental health perspectives and services. Paper presented at the UCLA Conference on Mental Health Service Systems.
Meyer, J.W. (1986). Institutional and organizational rationalization in the mental health system. In W. R. Scott, & B. Black (Eds.).The organization of mental health services: Society and community systems, (pp. 15–29). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Mintz, B., & Schwartz, M. (1985).The power structure of American business. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Molnar, J.J. (1978). Comparative organizational properties and interorganizational interdependence.Social Science Research, 63, 34–48.
Montgomery, K., Tierney, K., & Grusky, O. (1988). Cohesiveness, centrality and influence in interorganizational networks. (Unpublished paper.)
Morrissey, J.P., Hall, R.H., & Lindsey, M.L. (1982).Interorganizational relations: A sourcebook of measures for mental health problems National Institute of Mental Health Series BN No. 2 (DHHS Pub. No. ADM 82–1187. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Morrissey, J, Tausig, M., & Lindsey, M.L. (1986). Interorganizational networks in mental health systems. In W.R. Scott, B.L. Black (Eds.),The organization of mental health services. (pp. 197–230). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Mulford, C.L., & Rogers, D.L. (1982). Definitions and models. In D.L. Rogers & D.A. Whetten (Eds.),Interorganizational coordination: Theory, research and implementation. IA: Iowa State University Press.
Mulford, C.L. (1984).Interorganizational relations: Implications for community development. New York: Human Sciences Press.
Nakao, K., Grusky, O. (1985). A multidimensional scaling analysis of interorganizational relations in four community support sites. (Unpublished paper.)
Parcel, T.L. & Mueller, C.W. (1983).Ascription and labor markets: Race and sex differences in earnings. New York: Academic Press.
Pfeffer, J. (1977). The usefulness of the concept. In P.S. Goodman, J.M. Pennings (Eds.),New perspectives on organizational effectiveness (pp. 132–145). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pfeffer, J. (1978).Organizational design. Arlington Heights, IL: AHM Publishing Corp.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G.R. (1978).The external control of organizations. New York: Harper and Row.
Rogers, D.L., & Whetten, D.A. (1982).Interorganizational coordination: Theory, research, implementation. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
Selznick, P. (1957).Leadership in administration. New York: Harper and Row.
Scott, W.R. & Black, B. (1986).The organization of mental health services: Societal and community systems. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Scott, W.R. (1987).Organizations (2nd edition). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Shaw, M.E. (1964). Communication networks. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.),Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 111–147). NY: Academic Press.
Stein, L.I., & Test, M.A. (1985). The training in community living model: A decade of experience.New Directions for Mental Health Services (No. 26). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Tessler, R., & Goldman, H. (1982).The chronically mentally ill: A rating of state programs. Washington, DC: Public Citizen Health Research Group.
Turner, J.C., & TenHoor, W.J. (1978). The NIMH Community Support Program: Pilot approach to a needed social reform,Schizophrenia Bulletin, 4, 319–348.
Van de Ven, A.H., & Ferry, D. (1980).Measuring and assessing organizations. New York: Wiley.
Weick, K.E. (1979).The social psychology of organizing. (2nd edition). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Weiss, C.H. (1983). The stakeholder approach to evaluation: Origins and promise. In A.S. Bryk (Ed.),Stakeholder-based education: New directions for program evaluation (No. 17). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Yuchtman, E., & Seashore, S. (1967). A systems resource approach to organizational effectiveness.American Sociological Review, 32, 891–903.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH-38887 and T32 MH-14583; O. Grusky, Principal Investigator and Program Director). The author appreciates the assistance of Kathleen Tierney, Field Director, and of the following postdoctoral scholars: Lee Clark, Robert Fiorentine, Carol Gardner, Chris Grella, Matthew Lynes, Kathleen Montgomery, Keiko Nakao, Margaret Spanish, William Staples, and Patricia Ullman. Research assistance was carried out by Amalya Oliver and Leah Robin. The cooperation of the state mental health division, county authorities, and the individual respondents are appreciated, as are the statistical advice of Richard Berk and David Grusky, and comments on the manuscript of Yeheskel Hasenfeld and the late Howard Freeman.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grusky, O. The organization and effectiveness of community mental health systems. Adm Policy Ment Health 22, 361–388 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02106686
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02106686