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Authigenic zeolites and their relation to silica diagenesis in ODP Site 661 sediments (Leg 108, Eastern Equatorial Atlantic)

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Zusammenfassung

In der ODP-Bohrung 661 (Leg 108) vom Kontinentalrand vor Nordwest-Afrika wurden authigene Klinoptilolith-Kristalle mit Hilfe der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Röntgendiffraktometrie und Mikrosonde im Detail untersucht. Anhand der Kristallgrößen und -formen, ihren Verwachsungen mit anderen Mineralphasen und ihren chemischen Zusammensetzungen wurden 2 Klinoptilolithtypen (Typ A und B) unterschieden. Typ A wurde in stratigraphisch kondensierten Sedimenten nachgewiesen und könnte im Zuge von frühdiagenetischen Porenwasserreaktionen entstanden sein. Klinoptilolithtyp B, welcher vorwiegend in den campanen Sedimenten der ODP-Bohrung 661 vorkommt, wurde während der späteren Silikatdiagenese nach der Transformation von Opal-A in Opal-CT gebildet. Als Silikatquelle für die Kristallisation beider Klinoptilolithtypen wurden überwiegend biogene Opalskelette benutzt. Vulkanisches Aschenmaterial, welches ebenfalls ein Potential für die Klinoptilolithentstehung bildet, wurde nur in einem Horizont nachgewiesen und hatte keinen wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Klinoptilolithentstehung.

Abstract

At ODP Site 661 from the continental margin of Northwest Africa, authigenic clinoptilolites were investigated in detail. Based on chemical data, crystal size and shape and their intergrowth with associated mineral phases, two types of clinoptilolite (type A and B) occur representing different diagenetic conditions under which the formation of zeolites took place. Clinoptilolite type A was found in a sediment section comprises numerous hiatuses and stratigraphically condensed sediments and could have been formed during early diagenesis. In contrast, clinoptilolite type B was precipitated in Campanian sediments during later diagenesis, after the transformation from opal-A to opal-CT had taken place. At Site 661, the silica source for the authigenesis of both clinoptilolite types is biogenic opal. Volcanic ash material occurs, but in low amounts and thus is not a prerequisite for the formation of clinoptilolite at Site 661.

Résumé

Des cristaux de clinoptilolite authigène, provenant du site ODP 661 (marge continentale nord-ouest-africaine), ont fait l'objet d'une étude détaillée par microscopie électronique, diffractométrie X et microsonde. Les données chimiques, la taille et la forme des cristaux ainsi que leur intercroissance avec d'autres phases minérales permettent de distinguer 2 types (A et B) de clinoptinolite, qui correspondent aux conditions diagénétiques différentes dans lesquelles les zéolites se sont formées. La clinoptilolite de type A a été rencontrée dans une succession de sédiments stratigraphiquement condensés; elle pourrait s'être formée au début de la diagenèse. La clinoptilolite de type B, par contre, rencontrée surtout dans les sédiments campaniens a précipité au cours des stades tardifs de la diagenèse, après la transformation de l'opale A en opale CT. Au site 661, la source de silice nécessaire à la formation authigène des deux types de clinoptilolite est constituée par l'opale biogénique. Les cendres volcaniques qui pourraient éventuellement être à l'origine de la formation de clinoptilolite, n'ont été rencontrées que dans un seul horizon et n'ont joué aucun rôle en l'occurence.

Краткое содержание

С помощью растового э лектронного микроск опа, методами рентгеновс кой диффрактомерии и микрозондом исследовали аутиген ные кристаллы клиноп тилолита из кернов бурений по п роэкту ODP 661 (лег 108) на материковом крае северо-западной Афри ки. По величине и форме кр исталлов и по их сраще ниям, сравненными с другим и минеральными фазам и, а также по их химическому сос таву выделили 2 типа клиноптилолитов: А и Б. Тип А находят в ст ратиграфически уплотненных седимен тах; он может возникат ь во время раннедиагенет ических процессов в п оровых водах. Тип Б, установленный п реимущественно в пор одах кернов кампанского в озраста, появляется н а поздних стадиях диагенеза, по сле преобразования о пала А в опал СТ. Источником к ремневой кислоты при кристаллизации обоих типов клинопти лолита считают биогенный опал. Вулка нический пепел, котор ый также может являться потен циальным источником для образования клинопт илолита, был найден то лько в одном горизонте и ник акого решающего влия ния на образование его не им ел.

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Author notes

  1. Gerhard Bohrmann

    Present address: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Columbusstrasse, D-2850, Bremerhaven, FRG

  2. Rüdiger Stein

    Present address: Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung (IGL), Universität Giessen, Senckenbergstr. 3, D-6300, Giessen, FRG

  3. Jean -Claude Faugères

    Present address: Laboratoire de Géologie-Océanographie, Université de Bordeaux, Avenue des Faculté s, 33405, Talence, France

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    1. Gerhard Bohrmann
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    2. Rüdiger Stein
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    3. Jean -Claude Faugères
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    Bohrmann, G., Stein, R. & Faugères, J.C. Authigenic zeolites and their relation to silica diagenesis in ODP Site 661 sediments (Leg 108, Eastern Equatorial Atlantic). Geol Rundsch 78, 779–792 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01829322

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