Abstract
The genome nucleotide sequences of two strains of variola major virus and one strain of vaccinia virus were compared. One hundred and sixty-eight short (less than 100 bp in length) and eight long (more than 900 bp in length) deletions, four deletion/insertion regions, and four regions of multiple mutational differences between variola and vaccinia virus DNAs were revealed. Short deletions generally occur at directly repeated sequences of 3–21 bp. Long deletions showed no evidence of repeated sequences at their points of junction. We suggest the presence of a consensus sequence characteristic of these junctions and propose that there is a virus-encoded enzyme that produces this nonhomologous recombination/deletion in the cytoplasm of the infected cell.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fenner F., Wittek R., and Dumbell K.R.,The Orthopoxviruses. Academic Press, San Diego, 1989, p. 432.
Moss B. in Binns M.M. and Smith G.L. (eds).Recombinant Poxviruses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992, pp. 45–80.
Fenner F. and Comben B.M., Virology5 530–548, 1958.
Sam C.K. and Dumbell K.R., Ann Virol (Inst Pasteur)132E 135–150, 1981.
Nakano E., Panicali D., and Paoletti E., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA79 1593–1596, 1982.
Ball L.A., J Virol61 1788–1795, 1987.
Spyropoulos D.D., Roberts B.E., Panicali D.L., and Cohen L.K., J Virol62 1046–1054, 1988.
Spyropoulos D.D., Stallard V., Roberts B.E., and Cohen L.K., J Virol65 4609–4618, 1991.
Parks R.J. and Evans D.H., J Virol65 1263–1272, 1991.
Shchelkunov S.N., Ryazankina O.I., and Gashnikov P.V., Virus Res28 273–283, 1993.
Zhang W. and Evans D.H., J Virol67 204–212, 1993.
Kriajevska M.V., Zakharova L.G., and Altstein A.D., Virus Res31 123–137, 1994.
Pickup D.J., Ink B.S., Parsons L., Hu W., and Joklik W.K., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA81 6817–6821, 1984.
Moyer R.W. and Turner P.C., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol163 125–151, 1990.
Shchelkunov S.N., Resenchuk S.M., Totmenin A.V., Blinov V.M., Marennikova S.S., and Sandakhchiev L.S., FEBS Lett327 321–324, 1993.
Massung R.F., Liu L.-I., Qi J., Knight J.C., Yuran T.E., Kervalage A.R., Parsons J.M., Venter J.C., and Esposito J.J., Virology201 215–240, 1994.
Goebel S.J., Johnson G.P., Perkus M.E., Davis S.W., Winslow J.P., and Paoletti E., Virology179 247–266, 1990.
Shchelkunov S.N., Marennikova S.S., Totmenin A.V., Blinov V.M., Chizhikov V.E., Gutorov V.V., Safronov P.F., Pozdnyakov S.G., Shelunkhina E.M., Gashnikov P.V., Andzhaparidze O.G., and Sandakhchiev L.S., Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR321, 402–406.
Shchelkunov S.N., Blinov V.M., Totmenin A.V., Marennikova S.S., Kolykhalov A.A., Frolov I.V., Chizhikov V.E., Gutorov V.V., Gashnikov P.V., Belanov E.F., Belavin P.A., Resenchuk S.M., Andzhaparidze O.G., and Sandakhchiev L.S., Virus Res27 25–35, 1993.
Shchelkunov S.N., Resenchuk S.M., Totmenin A.V., Blinov V.M., and Sandakhchiev L.S., Virus Res32 37–55, 1994.
Shchelkunov S.N., Blinov V.M., and Sandakhchiev L.S., FEBS Lett319 163–165, 1993.
Shchelkunov S.N., Blinov V.M., Resenchuk S.M., Totmenin A.V., Olenina L.V., Chirikova G.B., and Sandakhchiev L.S., Virus Res, in press.
Benzer S., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA46 1585–1594, 1961.
Farabaugh P. and Miller J.H., J Mol Biol126 847–863, 1978.
Studier F.W., Rosenberg A.H., Simon M.N., and Dunn J.J., J Mol Biol135 917–937, 1979.
Wu A.M., Chapman A.B., Platt A.B., Guarente L., and Beckwith J., Cell19 829–836, 1980.
Post L.E., Arfstein A.E., Davis G.R., and Nomura M., J Biol Chem255 4653–4659, 1980.
Albertini A.M., Hofer M., Calos M.P., and Miller J.H., Cell29 319–328, 1982.
Lopez P., Espinosa M., Greenberg B., and Lacks S.A., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA81 5189–5193, 1984.
Marotta C.A., Wilson J.T., Forget B.G., and Weissman S.M., J Biol Chem252 5040–5053, 1977.
Efstratiadis A., Posakony J.W., Maniatis T., Lawn R.M., O'Connell C., Spritz R.A., DeRiel J.K., Forget B.G., Weissman S.M., Slightom J.L., Blechl A.E., Smithies O., Baralle F.E., Shoulders C.C., and Proudfoot N.J., Cell21 653–668, 1980.
Gebhard W., Meitinger T., Hochtl J., and Zachau H.G., J Mol Biol157 453–471, 1982.
Brown S.D., and Piechaczyk M., J Mol Biol165 249–256, 1983.
Owen J.E., Schultz D.W., Taylor A., and Smith G.R., J Mol Biol165 229–248, 1983.
Smith G.L., Chan Y.S., and Howard S.T., J Gen Virol72 1349–1376, 1991.
Aguado B., Selmes I.P. and Smith G.L., J Gen Virol73 2887–2902, 1992.
Douglass N.J., Richardson M., and Dunbell K.R., J Gen Virol75 1303–1309, 1994.
Slabaugh M., Roseman N., Davis R., and Mathews C., J Virol62 519–527, 1988.
Binns M.M., Boursnell M.E.G., and Skinner M.A., Virus Res24 161–172, 1992.
Shchelkunov S.N., Blinov V.M., Resenchuk S.M., Totmenin A.V., and Sandakhchiev L.S., Virus Res30 239–258, 1993.
Calos M.P., Galas D., and Miller J.H., J Mol Biol126 865–869, 1978.
Clark A.G., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA91 2950–2954, 1994.
Slabaugh M.B., and Roseman N.A., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA86 4152–4155, 1989.
Stuart D., Ellison K., Graham K., and McFadden G., J Virol66 1551–1563, 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shchelkunov, S.N., Totmenin, A.V. Two types of deletions in orthopoxvirus genomes. Virus Genes 9, 231–245 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01702879
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01702879