Abstract
The ultrastructure ofSpiroplasma floricola OBMG was investigated to identify subcellular structures that might be involved in motility and helicity. Optimal preservation for thin sectioning was achieved with either glutaraldehyde or a mixture of glutaraldehyde plus paraformaldehyde followed by OsO4 and uranyl acetate. In thin sections, a 94-nm-wide band consisting of 4-nm-diameter fibrils was observed apposed to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. The band of fibrils extended axially the entire length of the cell. The addition of rethenium red to fixative solutions resulted in condensation of the fibrils. Freeze-substitution increased the apparent thickness of membranes but did not improve preservation of the fibrils. Freeze-fracturing revealed a 99-nm-wide zone containing few particles in fractured membrane surfaces. Treatment with deoxycholate or Triton X-100 to dissolve membranes yielded bands of fibrils comparable to those seen in thin sections. Based on these findings, a model indicating the intracellular location of the fibrils is proposed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Brinton, L. P., Burgdorfer, W. 1976. Cellular and subcellular organization of the 277F agent, a Spiroplasma from the rabbit tickHaemaphysalis leporispalustris (Acri Ixodidae). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology26:554–560.
Clark, T. B. 1978. Honey bee spiroplasmosis, a new problem for bee-keepers. American Bee Journal118:18–23.
Cole, R. M., Tully, J. G., Popkin, T. J., Bové J. M. 1973. Morphology, ultrastructure, and bacteriophage infection of the helical mycoplasma-like organism (Spiroplasma citri gen. nov. sp. nov.) cultures from “stubborn” disease of citrus. Journal of Bacteriology115:367–386.
Davis, R. E., Lee, I.-M., Worley, J. F. 1981.Spiroplasma floricola, a new species isolated from surfaces of flower of the tulip tree,Liriodendron tulipifera L. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology31:456–464.
Ebersold, H. R., Cordier, J.-L., Luthy, P. 1981. Bacterial mesosomes: method dependent artifacts. Archives of Microbiology130:19–22.
Eipert, S. R., Black, S. H. 1979. Characterization of the cytoplasmic fibrils ofTreponema refringens (Nichols). Archives of Microbiology120:205–214.
Garnier, M., Clerc, M., Bové, J. M. 1981. Growth and division ofSpiroplasmas: morphology ofSpiroplasma citri during growth in liquid medium. Journal of Bacteriology147:642–652.
Gobel, U., Speth, V., Bredt, W. 1981. Filamentous structures in adherentMycoplasma pneumoniae cells treated with nonionic detergents. Journal of Cell Biology91:537–543.
Hayat, M. A. 1981. Fixation for electron microscopy. New York: Academic.
Hovind-Hougen, K., Birch-Andersen, A. 1971. Electron microscopy of endoflagella and microtubules inTreponema Reiter. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B79:37–50.
Jones, A. L., Whitcomb, R. F., Williamson, D. L., Coan, M. E. 1977. Comparative growth and primary isolation of Spiroplasmas in media based on insect tissue culture formulations. Phytopathology67:738–746.
Karnovsky, M. J. 1965. A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy. Journal of Cell Biology27:137A.
Liss, A., Cole, R. M. 1981. Spiroplasma virus Group 1: isolation, growth, and properties. Current Microbiology5:357–362.
Luft, J. H. 1971. Ruthenium red and violet: chemistry, purification, methods of use for electron microscopy and mechanisms of action. Anatomical Record171:347–368.
Razin, S. 1978. The mycoplasmas. Microbiological Reviews42:414–470.
Rovozzo, G. C., Burke, C. N. 1973. A manual of basic virological techniques Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Springer, E. L., Roth, I. L. 1973. The ultrastructure of the capsules ofDiplococcus pneumoniae andKlebsiella pneumoniae stained with ruthenium red. Journal of General Microbiology74:21–31.
Stalheim, O. H. V., Ritchie, A. E., Whitcomb, R. F. 1978. Cultivation, serology, ultrastructure, and virus-like particles of spiroplasma 277F. Current Microbiology1:365–370.
Townsend, R., Archer, D. B., Plaskitt, K. A. 1980. Purification and preliminary characterization of spiroplasma fibrils. Journal of Bacteriology142:694–700.
Townsend, R., Markham, P. G., Plaskitt, K. A., Daniels, M. J. 1977. Isolation and characterization of a non-helical strain ofSpiroplasma citri. Journal of General Microbiology100:15–21.
Williamson, D. L. 1974: Unusual fibrils from the spirochetelike sex ratio organism. Journal of Bacteriology177:904–906.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Charbonneau, D.L., Ghiorse, W.C. Ultrastructure and location of cytoplasmic fibrils inSpiroplasma floricola OBMG. Current Microbiology 10, 65–71 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01575761
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01575761