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Extension of the Gender Identity Scale for males

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Abstract

Our earlier Feminine Gender Identity Scale for males appeared to measure a strong single factor which was reliable and displayed substantial discriminant validity. However, the number of items was small and there was substantial overlap between items with respect to their meaning. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, in the present study the scale was extended and validated on subject samples corresponding to those on which the earlier scale had been validated. Each item of the new scale differentiated among the groups in an experimental sample and, subsequently, in a cross-validation sample. A secondary finding was the significantly higher feminine gender identity scores of homosexual patients over homosexual nonpatients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Kurt Freund M.D., D.Sc. (Associate Professor, Head, Research Psychiatrist), Ron Langevin Ph.D. (Assistant Professor, Research Scientist) & Betty Steiner M.D., F.R.C.P. (Associate Professor, Head)

  2. Section of Behavioural Sexology, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Kurt Freund M.D., D.Sc. (Associate Professor, Head, Research Psychiatrist) & Ron Langevin Ph.D. (Assistant Professor, Research Scientist)

  3. Ontario Correctional Institute, Brampton, Ontario, Canada

    Kurt Freund M.D., D.Sc. (Associate Professor, Head, Research Psychiatrist)

  4. Gender Identity Clinic, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    John Satterberg Ph.D. (Psychologist) & Betty Steiner M.D., F.R.C.P. (Associate Professor, Head)

Authors
  1. Kurt Freund M.D., D.Sc.
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  2. Ron Langevin Ph.D.
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  3. John Satterberg Ph.D.
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  4. Betty Steiner M.D., F.R.C.P.
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Additional information

This study was supported by grants from The Hospital for Sick Children Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry Research Fund, and was carried out at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry (Toronto) and the Ontario Correctional Institute (Brampton).

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Freund, K., Langevin, R., Satterberg, J. et al. Extension of the Gender Identity Scale for males. Arch Sex Behav 6, 507–519 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01541155

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01541155

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