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Organelle motility regulated by the cell's environment: dissection of signaling pathways regulating movements of peroxisomes

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Summary

Chloroplasts and pigment granules are known to be intracellularly translocated upon discrete extracellular stimuli. The machineries transducing these signals inside cells are yet not understood. In studies investigating the motility of peroxisomes, we were able to identify both extracellular and intracellular signaling steps regulating movements of these organelles. Following simultaneous stimulation of CHO cells with both extracellular ATP and lysophosphatidic acid, an arrest of peroxisomes was observed. This block of motility was shown to be dependent on signaling cascades involving heterotrimeric G proteins of the class Gi/Go, phospholipase C, calcium influx, and activation of protein kinase C as well as of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is a point of convergence for these pathways, resulting in the release of arachidonic acid. This signaling pathway is specific for peroxisomes and does not influence motility of mitochondria, lysosomes, or endosomes. However, since the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins including the motor proteins play an important role in mediating motility of all cell organelles, it may well be that variant signaling cascades exist ensuring specific regulation of each distinct compartment.

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Abbreviations

AA:

arachidonic acid

ATPγS:

adenosine-5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)

cAMP:

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CaM-PK:

calmodulin-dependent protein kinase

CLIP:

cytosolic linker protein

DAG:

diacylglycerol

DiC8 :

1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol

GFP:

green-fluorescent protein

GTPγS:

guanosine-5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)

IP3 :

inositol trisphosphate

LPA:

lysophosphatidic acid

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEK MAPK:

kinase

PKA:

protein kinase A

PKC:

protein kinase C

cPKC:

classical PKC isoforms

PLA2 :

phospholipase A2

PLAP:

PLA2-activating proteinpeptide

PLC:

phospholipase C

PP2A:

protein phosphatase 2A

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemiezentrum, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany

    C. M. Huber & W. W. Just

  2. Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universität Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany

    K. Gorgas

  3. European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg

    R. Saffrich

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  1. C. M. Huber
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  2. R. Saffrich
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  3. K. Gorgas
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  4. W. W. Just
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Huber, C.M., Saffrich, R., Gorgas, K. et al. Organelle motility regulated by the cell's environment: dissection of signaling pathways regulating movements of peroxisomes. Protoplasma 213, 18–27 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01280501

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