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Reactions of primary amines and alcohols with 4-toluoyl azide

Reaktionen primärer Amine und Alkohole mit 4-Toluoylazid

  • Organische Chemie Und Biochemie
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Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Primary amines2[R:n-butyl(2a), cyclohexyl (2b), 3-pentyl (2c)] react with 4-toluoyl azide1 in non-nucleophilic solvents in a clear second order reaction, which is strongly dependent on the size of the amine2 and the solvent polarity (k 2 [Acetonitril; 25 °C]: 15.51 (2a), 0.83 (2b) and 0.19 (2c) 1/mol·min; ΔH#=22.1 kJ/mol, ΔS#=−170.5 J/mol·K [2b in Acetonitril]). Drastic changes occur in the presence of nucleophilic solvents. With nucleophilic amines2 added to these in the solutions a concurrent reaction with alcohols4 [R: methyl (4a), ethyl (4b),n-butyl (4c)] yielding 4-toluoyl ester5 is observed. This is especially dominating with the “smallest” alcohol methanol (4a) and/or effectively promoted by “bulky” amines (2b, 2c; up to 99%5a). Compared with the pure alcoholysis a huge acceleration of the ester formation, proportional to the cencentration of the nucleophilic amine2, is observed. The reaction mechanism is discussed with special emphasis on steric effects in the competition of nucleophiles for the aroyl azide1.

Zusammenfassung

Primäre Amine reagieren in nicht-nucleophilen Lösungsmitteln mit 4-Toluoyl-azid in einer einheitlichen Reaktion 2. Ordnung, die durch die Größe des Amins und die Lösungsmittel-Polarität beeinflußt wird. Das ändert sich in Gegenwart von Alkoholen, wo auch die Bildung von 4-Toluylsäureestern beobachtet wird. Diese Konkurrenzreaktion wird durch den „kleinsten“ Alkohol (Methanol) und/oder die relativ größeren Amine (Cylohexylamin bzw. 3-Pentylamin) besonders stark begünstigt. Verglichen mit der einfachen Alkoholyse von 4-Toluoylazid wird eine enorme Beschleunigung der Esterbildung, proportional zur Konzentration des nucleophilen Amins, beobachtet. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird mit besonderer Berücksichtigung sterischer Effekte bei der Konkurrenz von Nucleophilen um das Aroylazid diskutiert.

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Ulbricht, M., Böhme, P. & Hartmann, U. Reactions of primary amines and alcohols with 4-toluoyl azide. Monatsh Chem 124, 1149–1156 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00810023

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00810023

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