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Temperature acclimation in brook trout muscle: Adenine nucleotide concentrations, phosphorylation state and adenylate energy charge

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Summary

Cold acclimation in fish is associated with an elevation in metabolic rate. The present study investigates the role of adenine nucleotides and related compounds in metabolic regulation following temperature acclimation. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were acclimated for 10 weeks to either +4°C or +24°C. Both groups of fish were exercised at 2.5 body lengths s−1 for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice in order to control for differences in spontaneous activity.

Concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP, P i and PC were approximately 2-fold higher in white than red muscles. Temperature acclimation had little effect on total adenine nucleotide concentration in either muscle type. In white fibres acclimation to 4°C results in a 39% increase in [ADP] and [AMP], a 35% decrease in [PC] (phosphorylcreatine), and no significant change in [P i ]. In contrast temperature has little effect on concentrations of these compounds in red muscle.

Parameters of metabolic control — adenylate energy charge ([ATP]+0.5 [ADP]/[ATP]+[ADP]+[AMP]), phosphorylation state ([ATP]/[ADP]·[P i ]), and the ratios [ATP]∶[ADP] and [ATP]∶[AMP] — were significantly lower in cold- than warm-acclimated white muscle. The observed changes in phosphorylation state and [ATP]∶[AMP] are consistent with an increase in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, respectively.

In conclusion, changes in metabolites may be an important factor in producing an enhanced metabolic rate in cold-acclimated fish.

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  1. N. J. Walesby

    Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of London, Goldsmiths' College, SE14 6NW, London, UK

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  1. Department of Physiology, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9TS, St. Andrews, Fife, UK

    N. J. Walesby & I. A. Johnston

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Walesby, N.J., Johnston, I.A. Temperature acclimation in brook trout muscle: Adenine nucleotide concentrations, phosphorylation state and adenylate energy charge. J Comp Physiol B 139, 127–133 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00691027

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