The bioavailability and dose dependency of the deuterated anti-tumour agent 4,6-benzylidene-d ₁-d-glucose in mice and rats

Abstract

The benzaldehyde derivative 4,6-benzylidene-d-glucose (BG) induces an inhibition of protein synthesis at otherwise non-toxic doses in cells grown in vitro. To increase the biological effect of BG, the hydrogen in the formyl group was exchanged with deuterium, resulting in 4,6-benzylidene-d ₁-d-glucose (P-1013). In this study we compared the bioavailability of BG and P-1013, since both intraperitoneal and, especially, oral administration of the drugs would be a great advantage. We also examined whether or not P-1013 displays dose-dependent pharmacokinctics. Pharmacokinetics were studied by analysing plasma samples using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). P-1013 was given at four different doses i.v. (60, 120, 145 and 230 mg/kg) and p.o. (60, 120, 170 and 230 mg/kg) to female Bom:NMRI-numice. The bioavailability was more than 50% for all doses. The results also indicate that P-1013 shows linear pharmacokinetics, with no change being observed in the half-life (t1/2) with increasing dose and only a slightly more than proportional increase in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) occurring with increasing dose. A doubling in dose resulted in a 2.2-fold increase in the AUC. P-1013 and BG were also given i.v., p.o. and i.p. to female nu/nu-BALB/cABom mice and male Wistar rats. A high degree of bioavailability was found in both species, with 55–100% of the deliverered dose being absorbed. Deuteration of BG does not seem to alter its bioavailability, as we found the same bioavailability for P-1013 as for BG. We conclude that the pharmacokinetics of P-1013 does not prevent its use as a cancer treatment drug given orally.