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Educational research and development in the United Kingdom: Framework, impact and future prospects

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Abstract

Three forms of research activity are defined: free, policy-oriented and development. In the United Kingdom, structures for each of these have developed rapidly in the past twenty years; and there is now a variety of research organisations, different in pattern, function and funding. The present need is to sustain a vigorous programme of research and development through these organisations, but their level of funding is relatively low (less than one per cent of all educational expenditure), contrary to an OECD, 1972, forecast of continuing growth.

Research-based knowledge has influenced educational policy, but its effect is not fully recognised. Research seldom has direct impact but influences policy indirectly, through interaction and by aggregation, penetrating public consciousness.

Present weaknesses are the lack of collaboration between research institutions (though there are advantages in a plurality of organisations), and in the small scale of financial support for research, which reflects a lack of public will or confidence in the use of research in education.

Résumé

Trois types d'activité de recherche sont définis: la recherche indépendante, la recherche visant à répondre à une politique, et le développement. Au Royaume-Uni, les structures de chacune d'elles se sont rapidement développées au cours de ces vingt dernières années; il existe maintenant toute une variété d'organisations de recherche, différant quant à la forme, la fonction et le financement. Ce qui est nécessaire, désormais, c'est de mener un vigoureux programme de recherche et de développement grâce à ces organisations, mais leur financement est relativement faible (moins de 1% du budget total de l'éducation), bien que les prévisions de l'OCDE en 1972 aient envisagé un développement croissant.

La connaissance basée sur la recherche a influencé la politique de l'éducation, mais son effet n'est pas pleinement reconnu. La recherche a rarement un impact direct; son influence sur la politique de l'éducation se fait sentir indirectement, par un phénomène d'interaction et d'agrégation accumulative, en pénétrant progressivement la conscience publique.

Les présentes faiblesses sont imputables au manque de collaboration des institutions de recherche (bien qu'une pluralité d'organismes présente des avantages) et aussi à la modicité des moyens financiers mis à la disposition de la recherche, reflet du manque de volonté ou de confiance de la part de la société en ce qui concerne l'utilisation de la recherche dans le domaine de l'éducation.

Zusammenfassung

Drei Arten von Forschung werden definiert: freie, Bildungspolitik-orientierte und Entwicklung. Im Vereinigten Königreich haben sich Institutionen für jede dieser Arten rapide entwickelt, so daß es jetzt eine Vielfalt von Forschungsorganisationen gibt, die sich in Aufbau, Funktion und Finanzierung unterscheiden. Benötigt wird ein reichhaltiges Programm für Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit; dennoch erhalten diese Organisationen, im Gegensatz zu dem im Jahre 1972 von der OECD vorausgesagten ständigen Wachstum, nur verhältnismäßig geringe Finanzmittel (unter 1% der Gesamtausgaben für das Bildungswesen).

Auf Forschung beruhende Erkenntnisse haben die Bildungspolitik beeinflußt, doch ist ihre Wirkung wenig augenfällig. Nur selten hat die Forschung direkte Auswirkungen; sie beeinflußt die Politik auf indirektem Wege, indem sie durch Wechselwirkung und Summierung ins Bewußtsein der Öffentlichkeit dringt.

Schwachstellen sind unzureichende Zusammenarbeit der Forschungsinstitutionen (obwohl eine Pluralität von Organisationen ihre Vorteile hat) und geringe finanzielle Unterstützung der Forschung, eine Reflektion fehlenden öffentlichen Interesses oder Glaubens an den praktischen Wert der pädagogischen Forschung.

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Taylor, W. Educational research and development in the United Kingdom: Framework, impact and future prospects. Int Rev Educ 27, 179–195 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00598135

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