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Retrobulbar blockade in endotoxin and horse-serum induced uveal response in rabbits

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Summary

In rabbits, after intravenous sensitization, 0.05 ml intracameral horse serum elicited uveitis. The same dose elicited slight traumatic reaction in non-sensitized animals. With except of the controls, retrobulbar 20 mg novocaine, 25 mg adrenergic blocker pendiomid and 0.5 ml saline were 10 min outgoing the challenge in separate groups. Only slighter response, following the first challenging dose, revealed some suppression after pendiomid while more intense reaction on the fellow eye remained unchanged by the blockade.

Intracameral 0.5 μg typhoid endotoxin diluted in 0.05 ml saline provoked violent inflammation without preceding sensitization. Novocaine inhibited it over 3 hours and reduced consecutive symptoms. Pendiomid produced only a decrease of the intensity.

Dissimilar mechanisms in both series are suggested. Hypersensitivity effect of intracameral typhoid endotoxin is questioned. The importance of the nervous supply for the acute uveal inflammatory reaction is demonstrated. The involvement of transmitter agents is discussed while the discrimination of the traumatic factor from induced turbulent manifestations is emphasized.

Zusammenfassung

Durch Injektion von 0,05 ml Pferdeserum in die vordere Augenkammer wurde bei intravenös sensibilisierten Tieren eine Uveitis erzeugt. Dieselbe Dosis führte bei unsensibilisierten Tieren nur zu einer schwachen traumatischen Reaktion.

Vor der Injektion in die vordere Augenkammer erhielten die verschiedenen Tiergruppen (außer der Kontrollgruppe) eine retrobulbäre Injektion entweder von 20 mg Novocain, von 25 mg Pendiomid oder von 0,5 ml einer 0,85% igen NaCl-Lösung. Pendiomid hemmte in geringem Maße die schwache primäre Reaktion, blieb aber ohne Einfluß auf die der Behandlung des zweiten Auges folgende stärkere Reaktion.

Die Injektion von 0,5 μg Typhus-Endotoxin in die vordere Augenkammer ohne vorhergehende Sensibilisierung löste eine stürmische uveale Entzündung aus. Sie konnte durch eine retrobulbäre Injektion von Novocain über 3 Std lang verzögert werden und verlief dann deutlich schwächer; Pendiomid dagegen verminderte nur die Stärke der Symptome.

Für die Auslösung der Uveitis scheinen in den beiden Versuchsserien verschiedene Mechanismen verantwortlich zu sein. Bei der Endotoxin-Uveitis scheint es sich nicht um eine Überempfindlichkeit zu handeln. Die Bedeutung der nervösen Steuerung für die akute entzündliche Reaktion der Uvea wurde nachgewiesen. Die mögliche Mitwirkung von lokalen hormonalen Faktoren wird unterstrichen, aber auf die signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der traumatischen Uveareaktion und den turbulenten, durch verschiedene Substanzen ausgelösten Manifestationen, wird besonders eingegangen.

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Skrzypczak, K.E. Retrobulbar blockade in endotoxin and horse-serum induced uveal response in rabbits. Albrecht von Graefes Arch. Klin. Ophthalmol. 176, 263–276 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00414137

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