Summary
N-α-palmitoyl-l-lysyl-l-lysine dihydrochloride ethyl ester (PLL) at sublethal doses causes filamentous growth of E. coli strains except sfiA mutants, which divide normally in its presence. PLL does not elicit the SOS responses as judged by λ prophage induction, an increase of RecA protein synthesis or induction of the sfiA operon in a sfiA::lacZ fusion strain. Thus, it appears that filamentation caused by PLL is not an SOS function and might be the result of membrane damage by PLL, which is an amphipathic compound and at higher doses causes cell lysis. This indicates that basal levels of the sfiA gene product are sufficient to inhibit cell division in the presence of PLL.
We have found further that the phenotype of the sfiA mutation in the presence of PLL requires a recA + genetic background and does not occur in E. coli recA1 sfiA11, recA13 sfiA11, recA56 sfiA11 and recA441 sfiA11. All these strains, but rec441 sfiA11, however, regain the ability of sfiA11 mutants to divide in the presence of PLL after transformation with the RecA overproducing-plasmid pXO2. This supports the conclusion that the RecA protein positively affects sfiA11-mediated cell division in the presence of the cell membrane damaging compound, PLL. The basal level of the RecA protein in the recA +sfiA11 strain is sufficient for this process. An increased level due to overproduction from the multicopy plasmid pXO2 exerts the same effect.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bachman BJ (1983) Linkage map of Escherichia coli K12. Edition 7, Microbiol Rev 47:180–230
Bailone A, Blanco M, Devoret R (1975) E. coli K12 inf: a mutant deficient in prophage λ induction and cell filamentation. Mol Gen Genet 136:291–307
Castellazzi M, George J, Buttin G (1972) Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. I. Further characterization of the thermosensitive tif-1 mutation whose expression mimics the effect of UV irradiation. Mol Gen Genet 119:139–152
Casaregola S, D'Ari R, Huisman O (1982) Quantitative evaluation of recA gene expression in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet 185:430–439
Cegielska A, Kupryszewski G, Taylor A (1980) Specific response of Escherichia coli K12 mutant to the presence of ethyl ester of N-α-palmitoyl-L -lysyl-l-lysine dihydrochloride (PLL) in a nutrient medium. Mol Gen Genet 180:483–485
Clark AJ, Volkert MR, Margossian IJ (1979) A role for recF in repair of UV damage to DNA. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 43:887–892
Cole ST (1983) Characterization of the promoter for the LexA regulated sulA gene of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet 189:400–404
Dagert M, Ehrlich SD (1970) Prolonged incubation in calcium chloride improves the competence of Escherichia coli cells. Gene 6:23–28
Eitner G, Solonin AS, Tanyashin VI (1981) Cloning of a recA-like gene of Proteus mirabilis. Gene 14:301–308
George J, Castellazzi M, Buttin G (1975) Prophage induction and cell division in E. coli. III. Mutations sfiA and sfiB restore division in tif and lon strains and permit the expression of mutator properties of tif. Mol Gen Genet 140:309–332
Gottesman S, Halpern E, Trisler P (1981) Role of sulA and sulB in filamentation by Lon mutants of Escherichia coli K12. J Bacteriol 148:256–273
Hombrecher G, Vielmeter W (1979) A recA-dependent mutator of Escherichia coli K12: method of isolation and initial characterization. Mutat Res 62:7–17
Huisman O, D'Ari R (1981) An inducible DNA replication-cell division coupling mechanism in E. coli. Nature 290:797–799
Huisman O, D-Ari R (1983) Effect of supressors of SOS mediated filamentation on sfiA operon expression in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 153:169–175
Huisman O, D'Ari R, Casaregola S (1982) How Escherichia coli sets different basal levels in SOS operons. Biochimie 64:709–712
Huisman O, Jacques M, D'Ari R, Caro L (1983) Role of sfiA-dependent cell division regulation system in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 153:1072–1074
Huisman O, D'Ari R, Gottesman S (1984) Cell division control in Escherichia coli: specific induction of the SOS function SfiA protein is sufficient to block septation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:4490–4494
Humphreys GO, Willshaw GA, Anderson ES (1975) A simple method for the preparation of large quantities of pure plasmid DNA. Biochim Biophys Acta 383:457–463
Jones CA, Holland IB (1984) Inactivation of essential division genes ftsA, ftsZ, suppresses mutations of sfiB, a locus mediating division inhibition during the SOS response in E. coli. EMBO J 3:1181–1186
Laemmli UK, Favre M (1973) Maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4. I. DNA packaging events. J Mol Biol 80:575–599
Little JW, Mount DW (1982) The SOS regulatory system of Escherichia coli. Review. Cell 29:11–22
Little JW (1984) Autodigestion of lexA and phage λ repressors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:1375–1379
Lloyd RG, Low B, Godson GN, Birge EA (1974) Isolation and characterization of an Escherichia coli K12 mutant with a temperature sensitive RecA - phenotype. J Bacteriol 120:407–415
Lutkenhaus JF (1983) Coupling of DNA replication and cell division: sulB is an allele of ftsZ. J Bacteriol 154:1339–1346
Mizusawa S, Gottesman S (1983) Protein degradation in Escherichia coli: the lon gene controls the stability of sulA protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:358–362
Mizusawa S, Court D, Gottesman S (1983) Transcription of the sulA gene and repression by LexA. J Mol Biol 171:337–343
Morand P, Blanco M, Devoret R (1977) Characterization of lexB mutations in Escherichia coli K12. J Bacteriol 131:575–582
Quillardet P, Huisman O, D'Ari R, Hofnung M (1982) SOS chromotest, a direct assay of induction of an SOS function in Escherichia coli K12 to measure genotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:5971–5975
Slater M, Schaechter M (1974) Control of cell division in bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 38:199–221
Vogler K, Lant P, Quitt P, Studer RO, Lergier W, Bohni E, Fust B (1964) Fettsäurehaltige basische Peptide mit antibakterieller Wirkung. Helv Chim Acta 47:526–544
Witkin EM (1976) Ultraviolet mutagenesis and inducible DNA repair in Escherichia coli. Review. Bacteriol Rev 40:869–907
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by W. Gajewski
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cegielska, A., Taylor, A. The sfiA11 mutation prevents filamentation in a response to cell wall damage only in a recA + genetic background. Molec Gen Genet 201, 537–542 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331352
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00331352