Abstract
Data are presented on the normal intra- and inter-litter variability of the embryonic stages in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) on day 56 of pregnancy. The embryology of the marmoset is described with respect to the susceptible period for the teratogenic action of thalidomide.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bernirschke K (1963) Report to the commission on drug safety. In: Conference on Prenatal Effects of Drugs, Commission on Drug Safety. Chicago, pp 8–11
Blankenburg G (1985) Attempts to improve mouse limb bud development in vitro on day 10 of gestation. Teratology 32: 18A
Delahunt CS, Lassen LJ (1964) Thalidomide syndrome in monkeys. Science 146: 1300–1301
Gribnau AAM, Geijsberts LGM (1981) Developmental stages in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 68: 1–20
Heger W, Neubert D (1983) Timing of ovulation and implantation in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, by monitoring of estrogens and 6β-hydroxypregnanolone in urine. Arch Toxicol 54: 41–52
Heger W, Neubert D (1987) Determination of ovulation and pregnancy in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) by monitoring of urinary hydroxypregnanolone excretion. J Med Primatol 16: 151–167
Hendrickx AG (1971a) Embryology of the baboon. University of Chicago Press, Chicago — London
Hendrickx AG (1971b) Teratogenicity of thalidomide in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus), bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca irus). In: Proc. 3rd Congr. Primat., Zurich 1970, Vol 2, S. Karger, Basel — New York, pp 230–237
Hendrickx AG (1972a) Early development of the embryo in non-human primates and man. In: Diczfalusy E, Standley CC (eds) Acta endocrinologica Supplementum 166, Proc Symp WHO, “The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research on Human Reproduction” December 1971. Periodica, Copenhagen, pp 103–130
Hendrickx AG (1972b) A comparison of temporal factors in the embryological development of man, old world monkeys and galagos, and craniofacial malformations induced by thalidomide and triamcinolone. In: Goldsmith EI, Moor-Jankowski J (eds) Medical Primatology 1972, Proc. 3rd Conf. exp. Med. Surg. Primates, Lyon 1972, Part III. S. Karger, Basel — New York, pp 259–269
Hendrickx AG (1973) The sensitive period and malformation syndrome produced by thalidomide in the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Med Primatol 2: 267–276
Hendrickx AG, Newman L (1972) Appendicular skeletal and visceral malformations induced by thalidomide in bonnet monkeys. Teratology 7: 151–160
Hendrickx AG, Sawyer RH (1978) Developmental staging and thalidomide teratogenicity in the green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Teratology 18: 393–404
Hendrickx AG, Axcelrod LR, Clayborn LD (1966) Thalidomide syndrome in baboons. Nature 210: 958–959
Hendrickx AG, Sawyer RH, Lasley BL Barnes RD (1975) Comparison of developmental stages in primates with a note on the detection of ovulation. Lab Animal Handbook 6: 305–315
Hiddleston WA (1976) Large scale production of a small laboratory primate — Callithrix jacchus. In: Antikatzides, Erichsen, Spiegel (eds) The laboratory animal in the study of reproduction. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 51–57
Hiddleston WA, Siddall RA (1978) The production and use of Callithrix jacchus for safety evaluation studies. In: Neubert D, Merker HJ, Nau H, Langman J (eds) Role of pharmacokinetics in prenatal and perinatal toxicology. Georg Thieme Publ., Stuttgart, pp 289–297
Kobyletzki von D, Gellen J (1970) Zur Vorhersage des embryonalen Entwicklungsstandes beim Menschen. Arch Gynäk 209: 293–304
Lasley B, Hendrickx AG, Stabenfeldt GH (1974) Estradiol levels near the time of ovulation in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) Biol Reprod 11: 237–244
Merker H-J, Neubert D, Siddall RA (1978) Morphological studies on the fetal and neonatal marmoset liver. In: Neubert D, Merker H-J, Nau H, Langman J (eds) Role of pharmacokinetics in prenatal and perinatal toxicology. Georg Thieme Publ., Stuttgart, pp 311–321
Merker H-J, Sames K, Heger W, Neubert D (1987) Embryotoxic effects of thalidomide derivatives in the non-human primate Callithrix jacchus: I Effects of EM-12 on skeletal development. Arch Toxicol 61: 165–179
Monfort SL, Jayaraman S, Shideler SE, Lasley BL, Hendrickx AG (1986) Monitoring ovulation and implantation in the Cynomolgus Maque (Macaca fascicularis) through evaluations of urinary estrogen conjugates and progesteron metabolites: a technique for routine evaluation of reproductive parameters. J Med Primatol 15: 17–26
Moore HDM, Gem S, Hearn JP (1985) Early implantation stages in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Anat 172: 265–278
Neubert D, Chahoud I (1985) Significance of species and strain differences in pre- and perinatal toxicology. Acta Histochem Suppl 31: 23–35
Neubert D, Siddall RA, Tapken S, Hiddleston WA, Higgins JE (1978) Metabolism of xenobiotics in the fetal and neonatal marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). In: Neubert D, Merker H-J, Nau H, Langman J (eds) Role of pharmacokinetics in prental and perinatal toxicology. Georg Thieme Publ., Stuttgart, pp 299–309
Neubert D, Stahlmann R, Chahoud I, Bochert G (1985) Some aspects of prenatal toxicology. TIPS — November 1985 FEST Suppl: 21–26
Neubert D, Blankenburg G, Chahoud I, Franz G, Herken R, Kastner M, Klug S, Kröger J, Krowke R, Lewandowski C, Merker H-J, Schulz T, Stahlmann R (1987) Results of in vivo and in vitro studies for assessing prenatal toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 70: 89–103
Nishimura H (1972) A note on critical periods for drug induced reduction deformities of total forelimbs in man. Cong Anom 12: 191–193
Nishimura H, Takano K, Tanimura T, Yasuda M (1968) Normal and abnormal development of human embryos: First report of the analysis of 1,213 intact embryos. Teratology 1: 281–290
Nishimura H, Ranimura T, Semba R, Uwaba C (1974) Normal development of early human embryos: observation of 90 specimens at Carnegie stages 7 to 13. Teratology 10: 1–8
Nowack E (1965) Die sensible Phase bei der Thalidomid-Embryopathie. Humangenetik 1: 516–536
O'Rahilly R (1972) Guide to the staging of human embryos. Anat Anz 130: 556–559
O'Rahilly R (1979) Early human development and the chief sources of information on staged human embryos. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 9: 273–280
O'Rahilly R, Gardner E (1972) The initial appearance of ossification in staged human embryos. Am J Anat 134: 291–307
O'Rahilly R, Gardner E (1975) The timing and sequence of events in the development of the limbs in the human embryo. Anat Embryol 148: 1–23
Parkin RF, Hendrickx AG (1975) The temporal relationship between the preovulatory estrogen peak and the optimal mating period in rhesus and bonnet monkeys. Biol Reprod 13: 610–616
Phillips IR (1975) Macaque and marmoset monkeys as animal models for the study of birth defects. In: Perkins, O'Donoghue (eds) Breeding simians for developmental biology, Vol. 6. Laboratory Animals Ltd. London, pp 293–302
Phillips IR (1976) The embryology of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 7–46
Poswillo DE, Hamilton WJ, Sopher D (1972) The marmoset as an animal model for teratological research. Nature (London) 239: 460–462
Sames K, Heger W, Neubert D, Merker H-J (1987) Development of the limb skeleton of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in dependence on time and stage (11–23). Acta Anatom (in press)
Siddall RA (1978) The use of marmosets Callithrix jacchus in teratological and toxicological research. Primatol Med 10: 215–224
Streeter GL (1942) Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group XI, 13 to 20 somites, and age group XII, 21 to 29 somites. Contr Embryol Carneg Inst 30: 211–245
Streeter GL (1945) Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group XIII, embryos about 4 or 5 millimeters long, and age group XIV, period of indentation of the lens vesicle. Contr Embryol Carneg Inst 31: 27–63
Streeter GL (1948) Developmental horizons in human embryos, Description of age groups XV, XVI, XVII, and XVIII, being the third issue of a survey of the Carnegie Collection. Contr Embryol Carneg Inst 32: 133–203
WHO (1980) Temporal relationships between ovulation and defined changes in the concentration of plasma estradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138: 383–390
Wilson JG (1966) Teratogeny in non-human primates. In: Miller CO (ed) Proc. Conf. Non-human Primate Toxicology, Warrenton, Virginia June 12–14, 1966. Dept Health, Education and Welfare — Food and Drug Admin., Washington DC, pp 114–123
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neubert, D., Heger, W., Merker, HJ. et al. Embryotoxic effects of thalidomide derivatives in the non-human primate Callithrix jacchus . Arch Toxicol 61, 180–191 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316632
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316632