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The distal sensory nerve action potential as a diagnostic tool for the differentiation of lesions in dorsal roots and peripheral nerves

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Summary

On the basis of the conception that, in preganglionic lesions, peripheral sensory nerve fibers should remain intact, the question arises whether evaluation of distal sensory nerve action potentials can be helpful in differentiating between cervical dorsal root and peripheral nerve lesions. Amplitudes of sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) and corresponding distal sensory conduction velocities (SCV) of the median and ulnar nerves were measured in 194 patients with distal sensory impairment and in 20 control subjects. In dorsal root lesions attributable to degenerative changes of cervical spines and/or discs, SNAP and SCV were within the normal range. In peripheral nerve lesions, located in the brachial plexus, or at the elbow or wrist, diminished SNAP amplitudes and/or slowing of SCV were found. It is concluded that in patients with sensory deficit in the hands recordings of SNAP make a differentiation between lesions of dorsal roots and peripheral nerves possible.

Zusammenfassung

Geht man davon aus, daß bei präganglionären Läsionen die peripheren sensiblen Nervenfasern intakt bleiben, so ergibt sich die Frage, ob Registrierungen distaler sensibler Nervenaktionspotentiale eine Differenzierung zwischen Läsionen zervikaler Hinterwurzeln und Läsionen peripherer Nerven ermöglichen. Bei 194 Patienten mit objektivierbaren distalen Sensibilitätsstörungen und bei 20 Kontrollpersonen wurden die Amplituden des distalen sensiblen Nervenaktionspotentials (SNAP) des Nervus medianus und des Nervus ulnaris sowie die entsprechenden distalen sensiblen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten gemessen. Im Falle von Hinterwurzelschädigungen, die durch degenerative Veränderungen der zervikalen Wirbelkörper und/oder Bandscheiben verursacht wurden, lagen die Amplituden des SNAP und die sensiblen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten im Normbereich. Bei Läsionen peripherer Nerven im Plexusbereich, am Ellenbogen oder am Handgelenk hingegen wurde eine Amplitudenreduktion des SNAP und/oder eine Verringerung der sensiblen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit gefunden. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß bei Sensibilitätsstörungen im Bereich der Hände die Auswertung der sensiblen Nervenaktionspotentiale und der entsprechenden Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten eine Differenzierung zwischen Wurzelläsion und Läsion peripherer Nerven ermöglicht.

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Benecke, R., Conrad, B. The distal sensory nerve action potential as a diagnostic tool for the differentiation of lesions in dorsal roots and peripheral nerves. J. Neurol. 223, 231–239 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313337

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313337

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