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Ultrastructural studies on neuromuscular contacts and the formation of junctions in the flight muscle of Antheraea polyphemus (Lep.)

I. Normal adult development

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Summary

The ultrastructure of neuromuscular connections on developing dorsolongitudinal flight muscles was studied in the moth Antheraea polyphemus, Undifferentiated membrane contacts between axon terminals and muscle-fiber anlagen are present in the diapause pupa. They persist during the period of nerve outgrowth, which probably provides a pathway of contact guidance. By the 4th day of adult development some of these contact areas have differentiated into structures similar to neuromuscular junctions although differentiation of muscle structure does not start earlier than the eighth day. Dense-cored vesicles are abundant in many axon terminals at the beginning of development. They later decrease in number quite rapidly. The significance of the above-mentioned early junctions, their possible mode of action and the role of the dense-cored vesicles are discussed. It is proposed that they exercise a stimulating (trophic) influence on the growth of the undifferentiated muscular tissue.

The imaginai neuromuscular junctions are formed during the second half of adult development. Clusters of vesicles and electron-dense depositions along the inner face of the axolemma seem to initiate junction formation. Glial processes then grow between axoand sarcolemma and divide the large contact area into several small segments. Mutual invaginations and protrusions of the sarcolemma and the glial cell membrane subsequently form an extensive “rete synapticum.” Six days before eclosion the glial and sarcoplasmic parts of the rete synapticum are similar in size. Up to eclosion, all glial processes shrink and increase in electron density. Most of the observations are discussed also in relation to findings in vertebrates.

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  1. Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland

    R. F. Stocker & H. Nüesch

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  1. R. F. Stocker
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We thank the Director of the Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, and the Head of its Electron Microscope laboratory, Dr. H. Hecker, for the use of their facilities. We are also very grateful to Professor J. S. Edwards for a critical reading of this manuscript.

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Stocker, R.F., Nüesch, H. Ultrastructural studies on neuromuscular contacts and the formation of junctions in the flight muscle of Antheraea polyphemus (Lep.). Cell Tissue Res. 159, 245–266 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00219160

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