Bibliography
Allen M. R. (1973), ‘Buddhism Without Monks: The Vajrayana Religion of the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley’, South Asia II, 1–16.
Bechert H. and J.-U. Hartmann (1988), ‘Observations on the Reform of Buddhism in Nepal’, Journal of the Nepal-German Research Centre VIII, 1–30.
Beyer S. (1973), The Cult of Tārā: Magic and Ritual in Tibet, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bhattacharya B. (1925, 1928), Sādhanamālā, Vols. I and II, Baroda: Gaekwad Oriental Series XXVI & XLI.
Brough J. (1948), ‘Nepalese Buddhist Rituals’, BSOAS 12, 668–76.
Chandra L. ed. (1977), Kriyā-samuccaya, Delhi: Sharada Rani, 195–02 series, Vol. 237.
Conze E. (1975), The Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dayal H. (1970), The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (1st pubd. 1932).
Gaborieau M. (1978), Le Népal et ses Populations, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, Editions Complexes.
Gellner D. N. (1986), ‘Language, Caste, Religion and Territory: Newar Identity Ancient and Modern’, European Journal of Sociology XXVII, 102–148.
Gellner D. N. (1987a), Monk, Householder and Priest: Newar Buddhism and Its Hierarchy of Ritual, Unpublished D. Phil. thesis, Oxford University.
Gellner D. N. (1987b), ‘The Newar Buddhist Monastery: An Anthropological and Historical Typology’, in N. Gutschow and A. Michaels (eds.), The Heritage of the Kathmandu Valley, Sankt Augustin: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag, Nepalica 4.
Gellner D. N. (1988a), ‘Monastic Initiation in Newar Buddhism’, in R. F. Gombrich (ed.), Indian Ritual and its Exegesis, Delhi: OUP, Oxford University Papers on India, Vol. 2, Part 1.
Gellner D. N. (1988b), ‘Priesthood and Possession: Newar Religion in the Light of some Weberian Concepts’, Pacific Viewpoint XXIX (2), 119–143.
Gellner D. N. (1989), ‘Monkhood and Priesthood in Newar Buddhism’, in V. Bouillier and G. Toffin (eds.), Prêtrise, Pouvoirs et Autorité en Himalaya, Paris: Ed. de l'EHESS (196–03 12, 165–192).
Greenwold S. (1974a), ‘Buddhist Brahmans’, European Journal of Sociology XV, 101–23. Reprinted as ‘The Role of the Priest in Newar Society’, in J. F. Fisher (ed.), Himalayan Anthropology, the Indo-Tibetan interface, The Hague and Paris: Mouton.
Greenwold S. (1974b), ‘Monkhood versus Priesthood in Newar Buddhism’, in C. von Fürer-Haimendorf (ed.), The Anthropology of Nepal, Warminster: Aris and Phillips.
Hôbôgirin (1929), Dictionnaire Encyclopédique du Bouddhisme d'après les sources chinoises et japonaises, Vol. I, Tokyo: Maison Franco-Japonaise.
Hodgson B. H. (1972), Essays on the Languages, Literatures and Religion of Nepal and Tibet, Delhi: Manjusri Publishing House (1st pubd. 1874).
Kloppenborg R. (1977), ‘Theravada Buddhism in Nepal’, Kailash V(4), 301–21.
Kongtrul J. (1977), The Torch of Certainty, tr. J. Hanson, Boulder and Colorado: Shambhala.
Lévi S. (1905), Le Népal, Etude historique d'un royaume Hindou, Paris: Leroux, 3 vols., Reissued 1986: Kathmandu and Paris: Raj de Condappa, Toit du Monde and Editions Errance.
Lewis T. (1984), The Tuladhars of Kathmandu: A Study of Buddhist Tradition in a Newar Merchant Community, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University.
Lienhard S. (1978), ‘Problèmes du Syncrétisme Religieux au Népal’, BEFEO LXV, 239–70. Published in German in H. Bechert (ed.) (1978), Buddhism in Ceylon and Studies on Religious Syncretism, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
Lienhard S. (1984), ‘Nepal: The Survival of Indian Buddhism in a Himalayan Kingdom’, in H. Bechert and R. F. Gombrich (eds.), The World of Buddhism, London: Thames and Hudson.
Lienhard S. (1985), ‘Buddhistisches Gemeindeleben in Nepal’, in H. Bechert (ed.), Zur Schulgehörigkeit von Werken der Hīnayāna-Literatur, Göttigen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
Lienhard S. (1986), ‘Dreimal Unreinheit: Riten und Gebräuchen der Nevars bei Geburt, Menstruation und Tod’, in B. Kölver and S. Lienhard (eds.), Formen Kulturellen Wandels und Andere Beiträge zur Erforschung des Himalāya, Sankt Augustin: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag. Nepalica 2.
Locke J. K. (1980), Karunamaya: the Cult of Avalokitesvara-Matsyendranath in the Valley of Nepal, Kathmandu: Sahayogi.
Locke J. K. (1985), The Buddhist Monasteries of Nepal: A Survey of the Bāhās and Bahīs of the Kathmandu Valley, Kathmandu: Sahayogi.
Locke J. K. (1989), ‘The Unique Features of Newar Buddhism’, in T. Skorupski (ed.), The Buddhist Heritage, Tring, U. K.: The Institute of Buddhist Studies, Buddhica Britannica 1.
Manandhar T. L. (1986), Newari-English Dictionary: Modern Language of the Kathmandu Valley, A. Vergati (ed.), Delhi: Ecole Française d'Extrême Orient and Agam Kala Prakashan.
Nepali G. S. (1965), The Newars: An Ethno-sociological Study of a Himalayan Community, Bombay: United Asia Publications.
Quigley D. (1985), ‘The Guthi Organisations of Dhulikhel Shresthas’, Kailash XII (1–2), 5–61.
Rhys Davids T. W. and W. Stede (eds.) (1921), The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary, London: Pali Text Society.
Shastri H. (1927), Advayavajrasa \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{m}\) graha, Baroda: Oriental Institute, Gaekwad Oriental Series XL.
Slusser M. S. (1982), Nepal Mandala: A Cultural Study of the Kathmandu Valley, Princeton University Press, 2 vols.
Snellgrove D. (1987), Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors, London: Serindia.
Tewari R. C. (1983), ‘Socio-Cultural Aspects of Theravāda Buddhism in Nepal’, The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies VI, 67–93.
Toffin G. (1984), Société et Religion chez les Néwar du Népal, Paris: CNRS.
Vaidya P. L. (ed.) (1959), Jātaka-Mālā by Ārya Śūra, Darbhanga: Mithila Institute Buddhist Sanskrit Texts No. 21.
Vajracharya A. V. (1972), Guruma \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{n}\) \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{d}\) alārcana-pustakam, Kathmandu: De Ācāryya Guthī. (1092 N.S. [reprinted 1101 N.S.])
Vajracharya R. B. (1975), Guruma \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{n}\) \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{d}\) alārcana wa Ekavi \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{m}\) śati Prajñāpāramitāyā arthasahita \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{m}\), Naka Bahil, Lalitpur: Guna Ratna Shakya. (1095 N.S.)
Vergati A. (1979), ‘Une Divinité Lignagère des Newar: Digu-dyo’, BEFEO LXVI, 115–27.
Vergati A. (1986), ‘Les Associations Religieuses (gu \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{t}\) hi) des Temples de la Vallée de Kathmandou, Népal’, Purusārtha 10, 97–123.
Waddell L. A. (1978), Buddhism and Lamaism in Tibet, Kathmandu: Educational Enterprises (1st pubd. 1894).
Wayman A. (1973), The Buddhist Tantras: Light on Indo-Tibetan Esotericism, New York: Samuel Weiser.
Witzel M. (n.d.), ‘On Buddhist Homa in Nepal and Japan’.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Gellner, D.N. Ritualized devotion, altruism, and meditation: The offering of the guru ma \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{n}\) \(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{d}\) ala in Newar Buddhism. Indo-Iran J 34, 161–197 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207252
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207252